I have been working for a long time with PHP, and tried to be as good as possibl

Question

I have been working for a long time with PHP, and tried to be as good as possible on it (good coding practices, knowing how every request is handled from the start to the end, etc.), but now, for job reasons I have to start learning ASP.NET and C#.

I've read and tried to understand it's foundations, as ASP.NET is always working with a given Framework called .NET, but there are so many versions, and different approaches like MVC or WebForms, etc.

I've made some tests, and I see that parts of the code get compiled, others not

Explanation / Answer

Classic ASP existed before the .Net framework and thus is a separate technology that often used a Scripting variation is something to note just in case someone wants to know what is ASP .

While there is the story of classic ASP, early versions of the .Net framework, there is something to be said for what job reasons do you have to learn ASP.Net, which is different than classic ASP, and C#. There is also VB.Net that can be used in ASP.NEt so ASP.Net as a platform does support more than one language.

Rather than worry over "losing control", I'd suggest you learn about the merits of different approaches as ASP.Net MVC is quite different from WebForms though both have their advantages and disadvantages. For new development, MVC is probably a better selection though if you are going to be supporting existing applications then you may have to learn WebForms and these are rather different.

Understanding how it all works would likely take you a long time and in that time new versions would be born as there is something to be said for ASP.Net 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, and 4.0 on the web side of things never mind the versions of C# that also get enumerated in their own way.

Depending on how you want to define "clean, lightweight and high performance JS and HTML code" there are tons of ways you can build this. In one of my previous jobs, a co-worker often used primitives so that he didn't use the built-in ASP.Net controls at all and stuck with hand-coded JavaScript and HTML for the most part that worked within his architecture. Others may prefer to use the built-in controls that have their trade-offs.

Last but not least, don't forget that C# can also be used within WinForms, WCF services and a bunch of other platforms beyond the web. I'd probably suggest going through MSDN's tutorials as a starting point.

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