Some elements, such as lead and tin, have more than one common ion. a. Write the

Question

Some elements, such as lead and tin, have more than one common ion.

a. Write the electron configuration for tin.

b. Predict the two most likely ions that can be formed by tin, we will call them ion #1 (the first ion that can be formed) and ion #2 (the second ion). Include the electron configurations of ions #1 and #2 in your answer and a brief explanation of how you chose these two ions.

c. Which of the following statements

best describes the resultant trend in atomic size when tin forms two ions. Explain your answer in terms of core charge, valence shell and/or number of electrons.

1. elemental tin is larger than ion #1 which is larger than ion #2

2. elemental tin is very much larger than ion #1 which is larger than ion #2

3. elemental tin is larger than ion #1 which is very much larger than ion #2

d. Draw a simple, representative photoelectron spectrum for tin. Assume that the subshells of n=3 and higher appear on the spectrum in the same orderly fashion as they did in n=1 and n=2, in other words, ignore any overlapping energies that might occur in shells n=3 and higher. Use this simple spectrum to illustrate and explain why tin does not go on to form a third cation. You do not need to include actual ionization energy values on your spectrum.

Explanation / Answer

a)Kr 4d10 5s2 5p2

b)Sn2+ -Kr 4d10 5s2

sn4+-Kr 4d10

c)1.elemental tin is larger than ion #1 which is larger than ion #2

d)half filled and completely filled orbitals are stable so tin forms Sn2+ where as it foems Sn4+ as total 4th orbit is filled which is relatively more stable

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