Terms: androgens, diploid, eggs, estradiol, estrogens, gametogenesis, haploid, m
ID: 62138 • Letter: T
Question
Terms: androgens, diploid, eggs, estradiol, estrogens, gametogenesis, haploid, meiosis, progestins, ovaries, sperm, steroidogenesis, testes, testosterone
In humans, the gonads consist of the _____________ in females and the ___________ in males. In both sexes, these organs have 2 major functions.
The first of these functions, _________________ refers to the production of the sex cells, a.k.a. gametes. More commonly, the female and male gametes are referred to as __________ and ___________, respectively. Like most cells in the body, the precursor cells from which the gametes are derived are ____________, having 2 copies of each chromosome - one inherited maternally, and one inherited paternally. However, these precursor cells undergo the specialized type of cell division known as _____________, which halves the genetic content in the gametes produced. Because the gametes contain only single copies of each chromosome - they are termed ____________ cells.
The second major function of the gonads is __________________, which refers to the process of generating lipophilic, cholesterol-based molecules. Three major classes of steroid hormones are made in the gonads: ________________ or those that promote femaleness, ________________ or those that promote maleness, and _________________ or those that promote pregnancy. The major estrogen and androgen made in the gonads are _______________ and ________________, respectively.
Explanation / Answer
A few key terms: GAMETOGENESIS: formation of gametes in gonads.
STERIDOGENESIS: formation of steriod molecules such as sterol based hormones & cholesterol
ANDROGEN & ESTROGEN: steroid hormones that participate in expression of primary & secondary sexual characteristics in male & female respectively.
In humans, the gonads consist of the ovaries in females and the testes in males. In both sexes, these organs have 2 major functions.
The first of these functions, gametogenesis refers to the production of the sex cells, a.k.a. gametes. More commonly, the female and male gametes are referred to as eggs and sperms, respectively. Like most cells in the body, the precursor cells from which the gametes are derived are diploid, having 2 copies of each chromosome - one inherited maternally, and one inherited paternally. However, these precursor cells undergo the specialized type of cell division known as _meiosis which halves the genetic content in the gametes produced. Because the gametes contain only single copies of each chromosome - they are termed haploid cells.
The second major function of the gonads is steroidogenesis, which refers to the process of generating lipophilic, cholesterol-based molecules. Three major classes of steroid hormones are made in the gonads: estrogen or those that promote femaleness, androgen or those that promote maleness, and progestin or those that promote pregnancy. The major estrogen and androgen made in the gonads are estradiol and testosterone, respectively.
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