ATP CO2 four enzyme electron transport chain coenzyme A NAD+ NADH+H+ Pi ten oute

Question

ATP CO2 four enzyme electron transport chain coenzyme A NAD+ NADH+H+ Pi ten outer two water thirty-four pyruvic acid decarboxylation citric acid three FADH2 ATPase one As a result of glycolysis, glucose splits into __________ molecules of pyruvic acid. __________ molecules of ATP were originally used for this process to begin, and __________ ATP molecules were produced, therefore the net gain of ATP avail able to the cell is __________. Hydrogens and electrons released from glucose during this process were used to reduce __________ to ________. If pyruvic acid is acted upon by __________, it is converted into acetyl coenzyme A, and a molecule of __________ is released. The two-carbon acetyl group can then be transported to the site of the Krebs cycle, where it is utilized through a series of __________ mediated steps to produce __________ molecules of reduced NAD, __________ molecule of reduced FAD as __________, and one additional __________. The electrons bound by the coenzymes are then passed to cytochromes in the __________, and the hydrogens are released to the __________ surface of the membrane. The hydrogens then pass through __________, where they bond with oxygen to form __________. The release of energy by electron transport, coupled with the passage of hydrogens through ATP synthase, drives the formation of __________ new ATP molecules.

Explanation / Answer

1. Glucose splits into two molecules of pyruvic acid. Four ATP molecules were produced, therefore the net gain of ATP available to the cell is Two. Hydrogens and electrons released from glucose during this process were used to reduce NAD+to NADH. If pyruvic acid is acted upon by pyruvate dehydrogenase, it is converted into acetyl coenzyme A, and a molecule of CO2 is released. The two-carbon acetyl group can then be transported to the site of the Krebs cycle, where it is utilized through a series of enzyme-mediated steps to produce three molecules of reduced NAD, one molecule of reduced FAD as a energy source, and one additional CoA. The electrons bound by the coenzymes are then passed to cytochromes in the mitochondria, and the hydrogens are released to the outer surface of the membrane. The hydrogens then pass through ETC complex, where they bond with oxygen to form water. The release of energy by electron transport, coupled with the passage of hydrogens through ATP synthase, drives the formation of many new ATP molecules.

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