Answer the following short answer questions. 1. Outline the process of DNA repli

Question

Answer the following short answer questions. 1. Outline the process of DNA replication. 500 words 2. Contrast the structures of DNA and RNA and list the function of the three types of cellular RNA. 250 words For each of the following mRNA codons, give the IRNA anticodon and use Table 21.2 to determine the amino acid being coded for by the codon. 3. a. GAC b. UUC c.UAC d. GUA 4. Describe how genetic mutations occur and how they influence organisms. 250 words Explain how heating a double-stranded DNA fragment to 94°C-96°C when performing PCR causes the DNA to unravel into single strands. 125 words 5.

Explanation / Answer

Process in DNA replication..

DNA replication is a biological process which is governed by enzyme catalysis and involves following three steps :

1.Initiation .

2.Elongation.

3.Termination.

1.Initiation:- This process involves initiation of replication that is for a cell to divide it must first replicate its DNA. This process is initiated at a particular point in the DNA known as '' origins'' which are targeted by initiator proteins. Once the origin has been located, these initiators recruit other proteins and form the pre-replication complex, which unzips the double-stranded DNA.

2.Elongation :- Since DNA polymerase has 5'3' activity, all the known DNA replication systems require a 3' hydroxyl group before synthesis can be initiated, hence other processes follow.

3.Termination :- It requires process of DNA replication fork to be stopped or blocked. Termination at a specific point when it occurs, involves interaction between two components, a) termination site sequence in the DNA and b) a protein which binds to this sequence to physically stop DNA replication.

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