3. Predict if the following mixtures will form a one phase soluion: that is wi t

Question

3. Predict if the following mixtures will form a one phase soluion: that is wi the two liquids be miscible? E xplain the basis of your prediction, then test yoer predictions, and report your observations. Mature a. Water and ethanol Prediction b. water and butanol c. water and hexanol d water and kerosene one phase e. ethanol and kerosene not mi's eible f hexanol and kerosene not miccbl From the results of the above experiments, what conclusions can you draw about the size of the carbon chain on an alcohol and the solubility of the alcohol in water? How do more CH2 groups on a molecule influence the polarity of the 4. molecule?

Explanation / Answer

Lower alcohols like methanol (CH3-OH) , ethanol( CH3-CH2-OH) will make hydrogen bond with water and they will miscible or soluble each other. But as the length of hydrocarbon increases in higher alcohols, it becomee more hydrophobic and the OH part is hydrophilic, so higher alcohols are not soluble in water. That is lower alcohols are soluble in water but higher alcohols are not soluble.

Polarity of alcohols increases with increase in the number of hydrocarbon or CH2 groups. The OH group make alcohols more polar from alkyl chains. The long carbon Chane makes it more hydrophobic towards the alcohol. As the number of carbon atoms increases, the hydrophobic character increases. So its solubility in water decreases.

Miscibility of mixtures

Water and ethanol(lower alcohol) are miscible, because lower alcohol will dissolve water.

water and butanol are not miscible, two phases. because butane contain 4 carbon atoms with one OH.

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH - butanol

water and heaxanol(6 carbon atoms) are not miscible, two phases.

Water(polar) and kerosene(higher hydrocarbon containing 10-16 carbon atoms-non polar), not miscible

Ethanol and kerosene, ethanol is polar kerosene is non polar. So both are not miscible.

Hexanol(higher alcohol) and kerosene are also non miscible

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