After a fall, a 76-year old, post-menopausal woman had an x-ray performed of her

Question

After a fall, a 76-year old, post-menopausal woman had an x-ray performed of her hand. Her care providers diagnosed a fracture of the middle finger (digit 3) proximal phalanx, but they also noted extreme erosion (removal) of bone from the external diaphyses of her distal and middle phalanges. They decided to perform further tests and found that she had overall bone mass loss in several bones, as well as extremely elevated blood calcium.

1- Using the above passage, what cells caused the bone loss at the external edges of the middle and distal phalanges?

Periosteal osteoclasts

Endosteal osteoblasts

Diaphyseal osteoprogenitor cells

Epiphyseal osteocytes

2- Using the above passage, how will the broken phalanx heal?

A temporary mesenchyme patch will be replaced by cartilage, then by bone

A temporary blood clot will be replaced by mesenchyme, then by bone

A temporary mesenchyme patch will be replaced by bone

A temporary cartilage patch will be replaced by bone

3- Using the above passage, which of the following will most likely improve this woman’s overall, long term, bone health?

Decreasing dietary vitamin D

Decreasing dietary calcium

Increasing dietary vitamin C

Increasing dietary osteoid

4- Using the above passage, what is most likely causing this woman’s osteoporosis?

Too high calcitriol production

Too high estrogen production

Too high calcitonin production

Too high PTH production

5- Using the above passage, all of the following would most likely improve this patient’s bone health EXCEPT: (*leaving other attached glands)

Increased daily exercise

Growth hormone supplementation (medication)

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland*

Surgical removal of the parathyroid glands*

6- How does early childhood physical activity (exercise) affect the chance of developing osteoporosis as an adult? (Consider the effect of exercise alone and ignore other factors when answering this question.)

It does not affect the risk of developing adult osteoporosis

It increases the risk of developing osteoporosis

It lowers the risk of developing osteoporosis

7-

During formation of the ulna, what is the first site of osteoblast activity?

In a cavity within the epiphysis

At the diaphyseal periosteum

Between mesenchymal cells

In a cavity within the diaphysis

8-

What is the importance of interstitial cartilage growth?

It permits the movement of the epiphyses away from the diaphysis during childhood

It is only important during fetal growth, before bone is present

It is only important in the formation of menisci and intervertebral discs

It occurs at the endosteum, periosteum and within osteons

9-

What would happen if blood vessels could not invade a developing femur? a. mesenchyme would not die
b. the growth plate would not form
c. nothing unusual would happen

d. the bone could not get wider

10- A 17-year old male wishes to grow taller. He finds testosterone injections available on the Internet and orders them. As his friend, what would you say?
a. This plan will work, but it is dangerous because you do not what you are really getting
b. This plan will work, but the bones will not become wider as they grow longer

c. This plan will not work, you will become shorter than you would otherwise
d. This plan will not work, you also need to order estrogen and PTH to become taller

Explanation / Answer

1. Periosteal osteoclasts

2. A temporary blood clot will be replaced by mesenchyme, then by bone

3.Decreasing dietary calcium

4.Too high PTH production

According to chegg rules, we cannot answer more than 4 questions per post

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