Textbook (Raven Biology of Plants, 8th editions) Chapter 19: Introduction to the
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Question
Textbook (Raven Biology of Plants, 8th editions)
Chapter 19: Introduction to the Angiosper
The Angiosperm Life Cycle; p. 474
Compare and contrast the origin and ploidy of the stored food in angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Chapter 20: Evolution of the Angiosperms
1. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Angiosperms; pp. 478-480, 482 (Fig. 20-7)
Draw a cladogram that indicates the phylogenetic relationships among the following groups of angiosperms: basal angiosperms, magnoliids, eudicots, Amborellales, Nymphaeales, Australobaileyales, and Mesangiospermae.
2. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Angiosperms; pp. 478, 480-481
Why are Archaefructus and Leefructus mirus evolutionarily important?
3. Evolution of the Flower; pp. 482–483
Discuss the evolution of the perianth, stamens, and carpels.
4. Evolution of the Flower; pp. 483–485
List the four evolutionary trends among flowers. What factor was particularly important in accelerating these trends?
5. Evolution of the Flower; pp. 487–490
In what ways have plants “transcended their rooted condition” and become mobile?
6. Evolution of the Flower; Evolution of Fruits; Biochemical Coevolution;
pp. 487–495
Discuss the coevolution of angiosperms and animals in terms of pollination, fruit dispersal, and secondary plant products.
7. Evolution of the Flower; pp. 487–490
What is the relationship between the color and scent of a flower and the manner in which that flower is pollinated?
8. Evolution of the Flower; pp. 490–492
List the different types of flower pigments and the colors for which they are responsible. Where in the plant cell is each located?
9. Evolution of Fruits; pp. 492–494
From an evolutionary point of view, what is the function of fruits? Give examples to support your answer.
10. Evolution of Fruits; pp. 492–494
Distinguish between fleshy fruits, dry indehiscent fruits, and dry dehiscent fruits. Give an example of each.
11. Evolution of Fruits; pp. 494–495
Discuss some of the evolutionary adaptations of fruits and seeds to dispersal by animals.
12. Biochemical Coevolution
Discuss the role of secondary plant products in the coevolution of plants and animals.
Explanation / Answer
The origin and ploidy are compared and contrasted as follows:
Origin- In gymnosperms cones are unisexual while in angiosperms the reproductive organs may be unisexual or bisexual.
Ploidy of stored food- Endosperm is haploid in gymnosperms while in angiosperms endosperm is triploid.
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