Respond to the Following: planes. Combination of oseillating electric and magnet

Question

Respond to the Following: planes. Combination of oseillating electric and magnetic fields or vectors moving in separate perpendicular Sandwiched between the visible and microwave region of approximatelyin len -Three expanded chemical formulas are: and indicate all A special type of condensed chemical formula. Draw this formula for 4-hydroxy-2-pentenoic possible molecular transitions. of 650 micrometers is equivalent to a wavenumber (cm-1) and an energy of how many jo Relationship between frequency and wavelength. -Relationship between wavenumber and energy. An IR peak for a given vibration appears when what conditions are met Difference between Classical and Quantum Mechanics for molecular vibrations in chemical bonds. -Formula that relates wavenumber, force constant and reduced mass. Relationship between wavenumber and bond strength (C-C,C-C,c-C and corresponding C-H bonds of multiple bonds) The max # of vibrations for a) acetone, b) ethyl acetate, c) benzoic acid, e) 2-methyl-2-butanol, and HCl Location in wavenumbers of the IR Functional group region The two types of stretching vibrations ; IR Fingerprint region and The four types of bending vibrations: (in-plane) and and out-of-plane and Rank them in decreasing energy, wave number. Absorptions slightly to the left of 3000 em-1 are indicated of which vibrations, slightly to the right of 3000 cm-1 are indicated of which vibrations. Explain the unique differences in the IR spectra of: ethanol and dimethyl ether, acetone and ethanal; acetophenone and benzophenone; benzoic acid and ethyl benzoate.

Explanation / Answer

Relation ship between frequency and wavelength:

The wavelength and frequency of light are closely related.

The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength.

Because all light waves move through a vacuum at the same speed, the number of wave crests passing by a given point in one second depends on the wavelength

. That number, also known as the frequency, will be larger for a short-wavelength wave than for a long-wavelength wave.

relation between waveno and energy

The equation that relates wavelength and frequency for electromagnetic waves is: =c where is the wavelength, is the frequency and c is the speed of light.

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time
For cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, frequency is defined as a number of cycles per unit time.
Frequency has an inverse relationship to the concept of wavelength, simply, frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength (lambda). The frequency f is equal to the phase velocity v of the wave divided by the wavelength of the wave

a wavelength of 650 milimeters equal to

First convert the micrometers to nanometers There are 1000 nanometers per micrometer, so multiply the above numbers by 10^3.

Then take the reciprocal value, which yields the wavenumber in per nm. multiply by 10^7 to convert from nm to cms. The resulting wavenumber is in cm-1

differnce between clasical mechanics and quantum mechanics

. Classical mechanics is newtonian mechanics. The type of mechanics that we apply in everyday life.

For example statics and dynamics in engineering applications. We normally assume bodies to be rigid and continuous.

Quantum mechanic,

We use it to explain the way subatomic particles behave.

In quantum mechanics for, a particle may have to rotate 720 degrees for it to complete on 'revolution'. Quarks, muons and other partilcles are the major players.to predict how a quark will behave nor can you use quantum mechanics for flow in a pipe.

relation between reducedmass ,waveno and forceconstant

µ = k/ 42 .c ^2e^2  

µ = k/ 42 . 0^2

IR FINGERPRINT REGION,FUNCTIONALGROUPREGION

The region to the right-hand side of the diagram (from about 1500 to 500 cm-1) usually contains a very complicated series of absorptions. These are mainly due to all manner of bending vibrations within the molecule. This is called the fingerprint region.

IR radiation causes the excitation of the vibrations of covalent bonds within that molecule. These vibrations include the stretching and bending modes.

An IR spectrum show the energy absorptions as one 'scans' the IR region of the EM spectrum.

As an example, the IR spectrum of butanal

In general terms it is convenient to split an IR spectrum into two approximate regions:

4000-1000 cm-1 known as the functional group region, and< 1000 cm-1 known as the fingerprint region

TYPES OF STRETCHING VIBRATIONS

symmetric stretching: when the two attached atoms move away and toward the central atom at the same time.

antisymmetric stretching: When the two attached atoms do not move away and toward the central atom at the same time.

scissoring: Just like the name says scissoring is when the two atoms move away and toward each other

rocking: This motion is like a pendulum on a clock going back and forth only here an atom is the pendulum and there are two instead of one.

wagging: If a person holds up their hand in front of them and puts there two fingers in a "V" sign and bend there wrist toward and away from them. Here the tips of the fingers are the attached atoms and the wrist is the central atom.

twisting: This motion is like a person is walking on a treadmill where their waist is the central atom and their feet are the two attached atoms

inplane bending vibrations

scissorng ,rocking

out plane vibrations

wagging,twisting

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