18) Type 1 diabetics are generally unable to control the glucose concentrations

Question

18) Type 1 diabetics are generally unable to control the glucose concentrations in their blood because they are unable to make the hormone insulin. They must therefore frequently measure the glucose concentration and administer insulin. What is the chemical property of glucose is normally used to measure it? a) Its molecular weight using a sieving technique b) The infrared optical absorbance of the carbonyl bond c) Oxidation of the aldehyde group to an acid d) Nucleophilic attack of carbonyl by an amine

Explanation / Answer

Glucose meters contain an enzyme that glucose oxidase that produces hydrogen peroxide upon reaction with glucose. The hydrogen peroxide is detected by the sensors in the glucose meters. Glucose is oxidized to a lactone; hence, the oxidation of the carbonyl group is key in blood glucose level monitoring. Hence, (c) is the answer.

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