DNA [____] can be generated by backward slippage of the nascent daughter strand

Question

DNA [____] can be generated by backward slippage of the nascent daughter strand during DNA [____]. If the daughter strand slips backward relative to the template strand by one repeat, one new copy of the repeat is added to the daughter strand when subsequent DNA replication continues. If this single-stranded loop is not removed by the [____] by the next round of DNA replication, the extra copy of the repeat is included in [____] of the double-stranded daughter DNA molecules. Some human diseases are caused by the accumulation of thousands of these repeat units in [____], causing failure of processing of RNAs and proteins.

(1) mismatch; replication; exonuclease; all; chaperone genes

(2) damage; repair; endonuclease; both; regulatory genes

(3) microsatellites; transcription; mismatch repair system; one; expressed genes

(4) loops; synthesis; DNA polyerase; two; neuronal and muscle tissues

(5) microsatellite repeats; replication; DNA repair system; one; protein-coding genes

Explanation / Answer

Based on the given data,

DNA [microsatellite repeats] can be generated by backward slippage of the nascent daughter strand during DNA [replication]. If the daughter strand slips backward relative to the template strand by one repeat, one new copy of the repeat is added to the daughter strand when subsequent DNA replication continues. If this single-stranded loop is not removed by the [DNA repair system] by the next round of DNA replication, the extra copy of the repeat is included in [one] of the double-stranded daughter DNA molecules. Some human diseases are caused by the accumulation of thousands of these repeat units in [protein-coding genes], causing failure of processing of RNAs and proteins.

Thus, the correct option is (5).

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