21. Are viruses alive or not? Support your opinion. 22. Describe the basic struc

Question

21. Are viruses alive or not? Support your opinion.

22. Describe the basic structure of a virus.

23. What tools are necessary for studying viruses? Why couldn’t van

Leeuvenhoek observe them in his studies? How can we study viruses today?

24. Describe how an animal virus infects a host cell (in general)

25. Describe how a bacteriophage infects a host cell. Compare and contrast lytic and lysogenic mechanisms of replication. Why is it an advantage for a virus to be able to have both of these mechanisms of replication?

26. Where do enveloped viruses acquire their envelope from?

27. What component of the flu virus changes every year? How is this

advantageous for the virus? How does it affect us?

28. Why do you need a flu shot every year?

29.What components of a host cell are used by viruses during viral replication?

30. Describe 3 different explanations for the origin of viruses.

Explanation / Answer

21.

The viruses are the microorganisms that are considered to be non-living microorganisms. This is because they do not have cellular structure, which includes cytoplasm, cell membrane and organelles that support the life of a cell.

22.

The basic structure of a virus contains two components, which includes protein part and nucleic acid part. The protein part of virus is called capsid, which acts as a protective coat and protects the nucleic acid from damage by nucleases.

26.

The enveloped viruses push the cell membrane of the host to the exterior. Thus, forming the bud that encloses the virus and is pinched off from the behind releasing virus into the circulation. This process mostly results in rupture of host cell.

28.

The viruses are the microorganisms, which lack self- replicating system. Hence, they depend on host replicating system for producing their nucleic acids and protein coat.

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