1. Why is oxygenated blood red while deoxygenated blood is blue? 2. How many pro
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1. Why is oxygenated blood red while deoxygenated blood is blue? 2. How many protein chains does hemoglobin have? 3. What level of protein structure does hemoglobin have? 4 aoeethe nsmogloin simifiar o 5. What effect does carbon monoxide have on hemoglobin? 6. Which amino acid is pulled towards the bottom side of the heme group when oxygen binds? 7. Are all hemoglobins exactly the same in the human population? 8 Wht proten chainaffected in sickle a 9. Which amino acid in hemoglobin is substituted? What is the substitution? 10. What disease are people with sickle-cell anemia usually resistant to?Explanation / Answer
1.Human blood is red in color, ranging from bright red when oxygenated to a very dark, almost blackish-red when deoxygenated. It owes its color to hemoglobin, to which oxygen binds. Deoxygenated blood is darker due to the difference in color between deoxyhaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin.
2.Hemoglobin is the protein that makes blood red. It is composed of four protein chains, two alpha chains and two beta chains, each with a ring-like heme group containing an iron atom. Oxygen binds reversibly to these iron atoms and is transported through blood.
3.Primary Structure. At its simplest level, hemoglobin is made up of amino acids stuck together in chains. These chains are polypeptides that are also stuck to a heme molecule, which is where the oxygen will eventually stick.
4.Primary Structure. At its simplest level, hemoglobin is made up of amino acids stuck together in chains. These chains are polypeptides that are also stuck to a heme molecule, which is where the oxygen will eventually stick.
5.The problem with carbon monoxide (CO) is that it inhibits your ability to distribute O2 (oxygen). Hemoglobin, a protein in your red blood cells, binds oxygen in your lungs, and distributes oxygen throughout your body. Hemoglobin has a very high affinity for oxygen.
7.The composition of hemoglobin is the same in all people. The genes that code for hemoglobin are identical throughout the world. Occasionally, however, one of the genes is altered by any of a variety of "accidents" that can occur in nature. These alterations in the genes (called "mutations") are very rare. Since genes are inherited, and they contain the information needed to make a protein, if a mutation produces an abnormal hemoglobin gene in a person, the gene will be passed on to his or her children. The children will produce a modified hemoglobin identical to that of the parent. Most mutations in hemoglobin produce no problem. Occasionally, however, the alteration in the protein changes aspects of its behavior. The types of disorders that can result include sickle cell disease and thalassemia.
8. The sickle cell mutation reflects a single change in the amino acid building blocks of the oxygen-transport protein, hemoglobin. . The schematic diagram shows the first eight of the 146 amino acids in the beta globin subunit of the hemoglobin molecule.
9.
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