1.Write an introduction, procedure, and conclusion for this lab please. Also, th
ID: 559803 • Letter: 1
Question
1.Write an introduction, procedure, and conclusion for this lab please. Also, the fat I used was butter. 2. (Structure form): Butter+NaOH+EtOH= Soapupld Soap a) To prepare soap by hydrolysis of a lipld ) To study the propertles of soaps and detergents d To study some propertles of water To revlew some reactions and principles from chemlstry 2010 Uplds are one of the many clesses of compounds found In blological materlals.They are Immiscible liquld liplds)/insoluble (solld liplds) In water, soluble in organic tetrachloride, and less dense than water. One way to classify/distinguish among liplds is as saponiiable or nonsaponlfiable. In nature, fatty acids are carboxylic aclds with long hydrocarbon chains and evan numbers of carbon atoms. Saponifiable l here are simple saponifilble liplds and complex. Fats arid olls are trislycerides: esters composed of 3 utty acild units Jolned to glycerol (a trihydroxy alcohol, Waxes are esters with long hydrocarbon cheins solvents such as ether and carbon plds are esters of fatty aclds; soap can be made from them. Nonsa Saponllablie Waxes esters withPhosphollplds, chains Sterolds Prostaglandins et horones Paln sensation and adrenocorticold eglatory made of dlycerol and 3londrocarbon Sphingollplds seturatedted Saleeys wear gosalesl Nitvrle gloves are available. f NaOH (sodlum hydroxide, iye) gets on your sidn, immedlately rinse that area with coplous amounts of water NaOH is caustic, if any NaOH solution spllis on the bench top, put on gloves and then use wet paper towels to clean It up and then dry the surface. Disposel: Place fat, hexanes, and minerali ol westes in the liquilds waste botle. Wash all other reactlon solutions down the drain with coplous amounts of water In a 150 mL beaker combine 50% sodium, hydroxide solution (5 mL) with ethyl alcohol (12 mL). Mass fat (6.0g) In a welghing boat. Add the fat to the ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution, place a magnetic stirring bar in the beaker. Place It on a hot plate stirer and then turn on the stirrer; adjust the spin tos moderate rate. Using a low setting."2 or 3, heat the string mlature. Ethanol is flammable; therefore, exercise caution to not allow the mixture to boil over. If foam forms or boilng becomes too vigorous, squirt in distiled water (1-2 mLs) from your wash bottle Obtain a 1:1 aloohol-water solution (10 mL) and add small volumes of it to the misture during the heating in order to maintain a constant volume. Continue heating undilal the fac has dissolved and the
Explanation / Answer
Introduction :
Saponification is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base to produce salts. During the
preparation of soap process an oil or lipid is mixed with base to form soap. Soaps are salts of sodium
or potassium fatty acids. Triglycerides present in the fat react with strong bases like NaOH to give glycerol.
This whole mechanism can be called as Basic Hydrolysis of Esters.
Procedure :
1) Weigh 6 gm of butter and add it to the beaker containing 50% of 6mL of NaOH and 12 mL of ethanol
mixture.
2) Under low heat, heat the mixture and use a magnetic stirrer at moderate speed to mix it. Make
sure not to boil over this solution as ethanol can be flammable. To avoid this add distilled water
if necessary, maybe 1-2mL at a time. This way 1:1 alcohol to water solution can be made.
3) Continue to heat until all the butter is dissolved, i.e) until you get clear solution. Then pour this
into 600mL of NaCl solution.
4) Collect the precipitated soap using vaccum filtration technique and rinse it finally with distilled
water.
5) Weigh the obtained soap and calculate the % Yield, and perform a test for its solubility
in water.
Lab report : From 6 gm of butter ,6mL + 12mL of ethanolica alkaline solution ---- gm of
soap is prepared using the technique called Alkaline Hydrolysis of esters. During
this process ----- % of soap is produced which is ---------- (soluble or not in water)
Other important observations during the experimentation process can also be recorded in the
lab report and you can explain errors which causes to give a yield less than expected % yield.
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