True / False Questions 01. _____ Antibody is composed of 2 identical long heavy
ID: 55693 • Letter: T
Question
True / False Questions
01. _____ Antibody is composed of 2 identical long heavy chains and 2 identical shorter light chains.
02. _____ Variable (V) and constant (C) regions are part of both heavy and light chains.
03. _____ Variable regions for heavy and light chains from the same antibody molecule are always identical.
04. _____ Variable region of light chains are encoded by the DNA sequences that contain rearranged V, D, and J segments.
05. _____ Fc part of the antibody is not important, F(ab’)2 fragment has the same binding and effector capacity.
06. _____ Fab fragments are generated by alternative splicing.
07. _____ J chain is used as a surrogate light chain during pre-B cell receptor testing for successful V(D)J rearrangement.
08. _____ Binding of the antigen by antibody is stabilized by disulfide bonds.
09. _____ RAG1/2 are always expressed in B cells at high level, because B cells need RAG1/2 to constantly rearrange their V regions.
10. _____ “N” (non template) nucleotides are added by TdT.
11. _____ The 12/23 rule is applied during class switching.
12. _____ For B cells, V(D)J recombination occurs only in the bone marrow.
13. _____ The process of somatic hypermutation helps to improve specificity of the antibody.
14. _____ In late pro-B cells, V segment is rearranged with DJ segments.
15. _____ Failure to eliminate self-reactive B cells may lead to serious autoimmune diseases.
16. _____ Mature, naïve B cells express IgD and any of the other classes of antibody (IgM, IgG, IgA, or IgE) on their surfaces.
17. _____ B1 cells are present in the peritoneal cavity, pleural spaces and brain.
18. _____ AID (activation induced cytidine deaminase) is expressed only in B cells and it can introduce breaks in double stranded DNA.
19. _____ Different classes (isotypes) of antibodies have different effector functions, which are triggered by special receptors expressed by a variety of cells.
20. _____ Plasma cells are terminally differentiated cells that produce large quantities of antibodies.
21. _____ Repeated exposure to the same antigen eventually leads to immunological exhaustion and lack of immunity, because there is no room for new plasma cells in the bone marrow.
22. _____ Germinal centers are specialized sites within the bone marrow where Ig genes of activated B cells undergo affinity maturation.
23. _____ B cells can present antigens to T helper cells.
24. _____ Co-stimulatory molecules are required for efficient generation of memory B cells.
25. _____ Lymphocytes migrate to the lymphoid tissues in response to chemokines.
26. _____ Class switching during germinal center reaction is a random process.
27. _____ T cell independent responses can generate strong and long lasting B cell memory.
28. _____ Fc receptors that are present on many different cell types are crucial for removal of the pathogens.
29. _____ The ideal vaccine should be designed to mimic the natural course of infection without causing symptoms of the disease.
30. _____ The protective immunity can be generated against any pathogen because there is virtually unlimited number of possible V regions, thus any antigen can be recognize by an antibody.
Explanation / Answer
1. TRUE ------> Antibody is composed of 2 identical long heavy chains and 2 identical shorter light chains.
The structure of antibody contains two identical sets of two polypeptide chains arranged in parallel; they are “one heavy chain and one light chain.” Both heavy chain and light chain contains “constant segments and variable segments.”
The two constant segments of heavy chains are attached together by disulfide bonds, and form the base of the antibody. The given labelled part is showing one heavy chain of the antibody molecule, the adjacent one is the second heavy chain.
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