20. Identify four uses for transgenic organisms. The next group of questions are

Question

20. Identify four uses for transgenic organisms. The next group of questions are based on the following information: DNA template molecule is: 5 prime (5') end: A-G-C-T-A-T-C-T-A-C-G-A: 3 prime (3') end

21. What will be produced by DNA replication? (Start from the 5 prime end and list each complementary DNA base in order all the way to the 3 prime end.)

22. What is the mRNA that will be produced. (Again start from the 5 prime end and list each complementary RNA base in order all the way to the 3 prime end.) template)

23. What is the tRNA anticodon that will be needed to match the first mRNA codon in the sequence written for the answer to the previous question?

24. What is the sequence of amino acids that will be produced by translating the mRNA sequence written for the answer to two questions above? (Read codons left to right)

26. How many codons are contained in the mRNA in the question 22?

Explanation / Answer

20. Transgenic organisms contain benefecial genes from a different organism and express the genes. Uses of transgeneic organisms are:

* Decreased costs of farming, due to reduced pesticide use. Transgenic plants like BT cotton and BT brinjal have pesticide properties inherent in them. The gene whose protein produt kills certain pests is inserted into the plants. They do not need pesticide appliation to kill the pests

* Production of pharmacologically active products in animals, in large quantities. For examples, transgenic goats are created which produce human antithrombin in their milk. Antithrombin is used to treat blood clotting disorders in humans

* Vaccine producing plants: Genetically engineered bananas are edible vaccines

* Insulin producing bacteria: Insulin is required at large quantities to treat diabetes. Transgenic bacteria which are inserted with human insulin gene produce insulin in sufficient quantities to mee the requirement. It is safe to use and has no side effects

21. 5' T-C-G-T-A-G-A-T-A-G-C-T 3'

22. 5' U-C-G-U-A-G-A-U-A-G-C-U 3'

23. RNA polymerases start transcription from 3' end. So, the first mRNA codon is U-C-G, and the corresponding tRNA anticodon is A-G-C

24. The codons are UCG, AUA, GAU, GCU. They code for the amino acid chain Serine-isoleucine-aspartate-alanine

26. A maximum of 4 codons are present if coding starts from the first base.

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