2) why does each successive ionization take more energy? Why? ( 2nd vs 3rd vs 4

Question

2) why does each successive ionization take more energy? Why? ( 2nd vs 3rd vs 4 etc.) Second lonlization Energy: The energy needed to remove a second er lectron from an atom: M+ (g) M2+(g) + e. Successive ionization energies of elements 11-18 (period 3) are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Successive Ionization Energies for Period 3 Elements Successive ionization energies in kJ/ mol Element First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Na 496 4,560 Mg 738 1,450 7,730 Al 577 1,816 2,744 11,600 Si 786 1,577 3,228 4,354 16,100 P 1,060 1,890 2,905 4,950 6,270 21,200 s 999 2,260 3,375 4,565 6,950 8,490 11,000 cl 1,256 2,295 3,850 5,160 6,560 9,360 11,000 Ar 1,520 2,665 3,945 5,770 7,230 8,780 12,000 Table from http:len.wikipedia org/wiki/Ionization energy

Explanation / Answer

1.) In case of Mg the difference betweeen the second and third ionisation energy is huge because once the second electron is removed it attains the octet electronic configuration and also the orbital is fully filled and this gives it extra stability.

2.) The ionisation energy increases as we proceede further because the electrons are getting removed but the nuclear charge is not changing and also the orbitals are also decreasing and so in effect the nucleus will have more power of attraction towards the valence electrons. So as the force of the nucleus towards the electron increase we have to provide more energy to remove it.

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