please give me answer for 2-b 3 a 3 b 3 c 3 d 1. Initial color of copper ion sol

Question

please give me answer for 2-b
3 a
3 b
3 c
3 d

1. Initial color of copper ion solution 2. Color after addition of ammonia Write the chemical equation for the equilibrium created a. b. Why did the color change? Which copper species is in excess? 3. Color afer addtion of hydrochloric acidst bie cotarvtu Why did the color change? Which copper species is in excess? a. b. Sometimes white “smoke" is noted in this process, what compound is the "smoke"? c. Write the equation that shows the reaction of HCl with the NH3 d. Explain how removing the ammonia shits the equilbrium.

Explanation / Answer

2 b. The color change is due to the strong field NH3 ligand compared to that of H2O and the possible d-d transitions.

The stability of [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ drives the reaction towards the right side of the equilibrium, i.e. the copper species, [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ is in excess.

3. a When you add hydrochloric acid, the copper species, [CuCl4(H2O)2] forms and it is in less amount, i.e. the other copper species is in excess.

c. The formation of NH4Cl takes place.

d. According to Le-Chatelier's principle, if you remove ammonia, the equilibrium shifts towards the side, where there is more ammonia, i.e. left side of the equilibrium, i.e. towards [Cu(H2O)6]2+ side.

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