can some one help with these question What is the Philadelphia chromosome and wh

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can some one help with these question What is the Philadelphia chromosome and why is it characteristic of certain cancers? What is the difference between a germline and a somatic mutation? With human examples, discuss why a mutation in a metabolic pathway can lead to an absence of a vital and/or important compound. the accumulation of a precursor compound, the production of compounds not normally produced via alternative pathways, and the absence of feedback regulation/control With diagrams, show how nondisjunction can lead to

Explanation / Answer

15. It is the specific karyotypic abnormality of unusually short chromosome 22. The reciprocal translocation between chromosome 22 and chromosome 9 results in Philadelphia chromosome.

The reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 results in fusion gene,bcr-abl and thus, the presence of translocation is used as a test for leukemia or other cancers.

16. The main difference between germline and somatic mutation is that germline mutation is passed on to the next generation while a somatic mutation in somatic cells results in a population of mutant identical somatic cells.

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