Towards the end of the 1600\'s the French physicist Guilluame Amontons noted tha

Question

Towards the end of the 1600's the French physicist Guilluame Amontons noted that for any trapped gas whose volume and mass are held constant, the rise in temperature produces the same increase in pressure. The experimental values gave Pressure- slope x Temperature (in °C)+ intercept a linear relationship between pressure and temperature. Several years later, in 1779 Joseph Lambert defined absolute zero as the temperature at which the pressure of a gas becomes zero when a plot of gas pressure versus temperature is extrapolated to Pgas 0. (See L. H. Adcock, J. Chem. Educ., 75, 1567-1568 (1998) for additional explanation.) How would the value of absolute zero defined in this manner theoretically compare to the value based on Charles' law?

Explanation / Answer

According to the given data, Lambert defined absolute zero as the temperature at which the pressure of a gas becomes zero when a plot of a gas pressure versus temperature is extrapolated to Pgas = 0.

Now, according to the Charles' law, the volume (V) of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (T) at constant pressure (P) and its no. of moles (n).

i.e. V T at n,P = constant

And Vt = V0(1 + t/273), where Vt is the volume at the temperature t oC and V0 is the volume at the temperature 0 oC.

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