Why do we add a boiling stone to the reflux vessel? A. To prevent superheated ar

Question

Why do we add a boiling stone to the reflux vessel? A. To prevent superheated areas from instantly boiling ("bumping") B. To encourage crystallization of the final product C. To reduce solvent evaporation. D. To encourage even heating of the solution. E. A visual indicator that the reaction is progressing as expected. Triphenylmethanol, shown at right, forms a very stable carbocation. Why? A. The phenyl rings draw electron density away from the hydroxyl, allowing it to be easily protonated and removed. B. The central carbon is tertiary: additionally the positive charge can be delocalized across the phenyl groups D. Each phenyl group is quite large: this steric hinderance prevents nucleophiles from easily reaching the carbocation, resulting in great stability D. The hydroxyl group is much more stable when it forms a water molecule compared to when it is attached to the triphenylmethyl cation. When using a silica-based TLC plate, which compound would you expect to have the lowest R_ ? A. Dodecane (C_12H_26) B. 1-propanol C. Ethyl ether D. Phenol

Explanation / Answer

Ans 16 ( A) to prevent super heated area from instant boiling(bumping)

Ans 17 (B)

Stability of tertiary carbocation is most stable and stability increases with the presence of three phenyl group.

Ans 18 (B)

1-propanol will have low Rf value because of Hydrogen bonding.

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