1. Who wrote this statement? \" The essential point is that methodologically sou
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Question
1. Who wrote this statement?
" The essential point is that methodologically sound studies published in reputable scientific journals have been conducted to directly test the consequences of a supernatural hypothesis."
a. Eugenie Scott
b. Thomas Malthus
c. Charles Lyell
d. William Paley
e. Yonatan Fishman
2. Suppose that you were interested in finding mutations involving a single nucleotide substitution at a particular site in a certain gene, say, nucleotide position 43 in the human gene for b-hemoglobin. About how many offspring gametes (sperm or egg cells) would you have to examine before you found one with a new mutation (a nucleotide different from what the parent had):
a. 10,000
b. 200,000,000
c. 32
d. 1,000,000
e. 50 billion
3. The substitution rate for neutral mutations by genetic drift over long periods of time is the product of two terms: (1) the number of neutral mutations that appear in a population per unit time, and (2) the chance that any given mutation will be fixed. The first term _____ with population size and the second term _____, so that the total substitution rate is _____ to population size.
a. increases; increases with population size; positively related
b. increases; becomes smaller as population size increases; unrelated
c. decreases; increases with population size; positively related
d. increases; is independent of population size; positively related
e. decreases; is independent of population size; negatively related
4. Some plants produce flower buds that never open, so that seeds are formed by a process where ovules are fertilized with pollen formed inside of the same flower. Compared to the parent genotype, seeds formed in this way:
a. are essentially like a clonal replica of the parent genotype
b. are unlikely to develop normally due to a high chance that genetic defects will be expressed
c. are 25% more likely to be homozygous at any gene locus
d. have a 50% chance of being heterozygous at any locus where the parent is heterozygous
e. have a 25% chance of inheriting a heterozygote genotype at any locus
5. The marsupial mole, Notoryctes typhlops, is a small Australian animal that burrows in the soil and feeds on various invertebrates. Which of the following best describes its origin and relationships?
a. it is a southern-hemisphere species that shares a close relationship with North American placental moles
b. it is more closely related to placental insectivores, such as the golden moles of Africa, than to marsupials such as the kangaroo
c. it evolved to have marsupial traits, such as a pouch and a double vagina, independently from the other marsupials that now live in Australia
d. it is descended from a marsupial ancestor who invaded Australia approximately 40 million years ago
e. after marsupial moles evolved, they spread from Australia to other parts of the world and gave rise to placental mole descendants, such as the star-nosed mole of the eastern United States
Explanation / Answer
1. Thomas Malthus.
2. 1000000
3. option a
4. Answer a. are essentially like clonal replica of the parent genotype.
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