3. Which of the following compounds is most soluble in water? Which compound is

Question

3. Which of the following compounds is most soluble in water? Which compound is least soluble?
CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2NH2 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
Most soluble: _________________________ Least Soluble: _________________________

4. One type of steel is a solid-solid solution formed from 98.5% iron and 1.5% carbon. Is the alloy
substitutional or interstitial?

5. The sum of the solvent-solvent and solute-solute intermolecular forces are slightly larger than
the solute-solvent intermolecular forces yet the solute dissolves forming a solution. Why does
the solution form despite the relative energies?

Explanation / Answer

3. Most soluble: CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2NH2

    Least soluble:   CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2

Water is a polar molecule, thus mostly polar molecules are dissolved in water, but a low molecular weight compound containing an -OH, -NH2 are soluble in water. It is due to the polarity of the hydroxyl group and amine group, which interacts with the polar water molecules. Generally, longer chains of more than four carbon atoms are partially soluble in water because the molar mass of these compounds increases as the chain length increases, thus the solubility of these organic molecules in water decreases.

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