Question 26 Could something liver like inflammation be an acute outcome for expo

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Question 26

Could something liver like inflammation be an acute outcome for exposure to some chemical and a chronic outcome the same chemical? What is the level of cancer risk that is usually considered "acceptable" by regulators? and where does that number come from? Define LD50. And, Is LD50 used in a chronic or acute context? For rats, the LD50 for THC, the active chemical in marijuana, is given as 1.27 g/kg. From the point of view of DEATH as the endpoint, is the highly toxic? Who was Percival Pott and what does he have to do with the history of the study of cancer? Section 3. Pesticides, Chlorinated Dioxins, Chlorinated Furans, PCBs, PBBs, and PBDEs Looking at a chemical structure, what two primary chemical characteristics are found in legacy insecticides?

Explanation / Answer

25. Exposure to hazardous or toxic chemicals, the liver is damaged and liver like inflamation can either be acute or chronic. An acute process is responsible for a short period of time (hours to weeks) between exposure to the toxin and the outcome of symptoms of the diseases caused. A chronic process generally refers to a long period of time (years) between exposure to the toxin and the outcome of the symptoms of diseases.

The same chemical exposed to liver can cause acute as well as chronic outcome. If the chemical is exposed to liver for short period, the outcome is acute. But if the exposure is fora steady long period, then preliminary acute outcome appears which can be recovered by medication. But after long time, chronic outcome appears.

26. The level of cancer risk that is usually considered acceptable by regulators is 10-6. This value is now broadly used for the cancer risk level. The number comes from the maximum allowed concentration level of carcinogens present in drinking water as approved by World Health Organistaion (WHO).

27. LD 50: LD is the abbreviated form of lethal dose in toxixology and LD50 is known as median lethal dose or lethal dose for 50%. The median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%") of a toxin, radiation or pathogen is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.

LD50 is used for short time poisoining potential, so it is used in acute context.

28. Lower the value of LD50, higher is the toxicity. Highly toxic lethal dose 50 are referred as very very small amout of the toxin per kg of the body weight (something like few micro or miligrams per kg of the body) Here the LD50 of THC is 1.27 grams/ kg which is relatively higher value. So from the point of DEATH as endpoint, THC in marijuana is not considered as highly toxic.

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