You are an engineer overseeing a site where there are four electron acceptors pr

Question

You are an engineer overseeing a site where there are four electron acceptors present in the groundwater in addition to the contaminant, which is 200mg/L perchlorate (ClO4 - ). The alternate electron acceptors are: • Nitrate (NO3 - ) at 150mg/L (reduced to N2) • Fe(OH)3 at 200mg/L (reduced to Fe2+) • Sulfate at 300mg/L (reduced to H2S) • Oxygen at saturation based on atmospheric partial pressure (21% by volume at 25°C and 1 atm absolute pressure; KH of 0.0013 mol/L•atm) (reduced to H2O); recall dissolved gases are calculated by multiplying the partial pressure of the gas X the Henry’s Law constant The option you have suggested is to add the electron donor ethanol (CH3CH2OH) to the water to promote reduction of all electron acceptors present. Ethanol is oxidized to bicarbonate. How much ethanol is required in mg/L to reduce all of the electron acceptors including perchlorate? Perchlorate is reduced to chlorite (ClO2 - ). How can we get more O2 into the system without having to add purified (100%) O2?

Explanation / Answer

You could count how many jelly beans it takes to fill a smaller container – fewer jelly beans, easier to count – then multiply by the ratio of the volume of jar to that of the smaller container.   If you only have the picture, you could count the number of jelly beans half way around the perimeter of the cylindrical jar, and from bottom to top of the jar.  You have determined × radius of jar and the height of the jar in jelly bean length units.  Squaring the first quantity, then dividing by and multiplying by the second quantity provides an estimate of the number of jelly beans in the jar

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