Life Cycle Assessment, also known as \"Cradle-to-grave Analysis\" is a technique
ID: 526080 • Letter: L
Question
Life Cycle Assessment, also known as "Cradle-to-grave Analysis" is a technique used in pollution prevention. It accounts for all inputs and outputs in the various steps of a life, from raw material extraction to final disposal. For a given product, this technique can be used to identify the types and magnitudes of environmental impacts that the product has, including making and using it. Using this concept, provide a detailed discussion to show how the environment is impacted by "The Automobile".Explanation / Answer
Life-cycle assessment (LCA, also known as life-cycle analysis and cradle-to-grave analysis
A systematic set of procedures for compiling and examining the inputs and outputs of materials to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling. and energy and the associated environmental impacts directly attributed to the functioning of a product or service system throughout its life cycle.
Compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases;
Evaluating the potential impacts associated with identified inputs and releases;
Interpreting the results to help make a more informed decision.
Most of the environmental impact associated with motor vehicles occurs when they are used, due to pollution in their exhaust and pollution associated with supplying the fuel. Automobiles affect the environment in many ways. Impacts begin when a vehicle is manufactured (including the production of all the parts and materials that go into the car) and end with its scrappage in a junkyard (which can recycle many parts but also involves the disposal of many wastes). Over the life of an average motor vehicle, however, much of the environmental damage occurs during driving and is greatly associated with fuel consumption. Over the dozen or so years of a vehicle's life, nearly 90 percent of lifecycle ("cradle to grave") greenhouse gas production for a typical automobile is due to fuel consumption.
Post consumer use
Raw material procurement
Consumer use
Manufacturing
Distribution
http://www.cmu.edu/gdi/docs/lca-of-automobile.pdf
Distribution
Simplified packaging
Efficient distribution
Use of low pollution delivery vehicles
Raw material / Procurement
Product downsizing
Extensive recycling
Post consumer use
Products designed for easier recycling
Lower amounts of environmentally harmful substances
Consumer use
Products that consume less power
Reduced use of auxillary materials (products that require less use of water, detergent and other material
Manufacturing
Energy conservation
Conservation and recycling of raw materials
Measures to prevent air, water and underground water pollution
Post consumer use
Raw material procurement
Consumer use
Manufacturing
Distribution
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