1. A student claims that a given unknown is a carboxylic acid because the sample

Question

1. A student claims that a given unknown is a carboxylic acid because the sample dissolves in water, 10% NaOH, and 10% NaNCO3. Critique this conclusion.

2. Explain how solubility tests could be used to differentiate between:

a. a phenol and a carboxylic acid.

b. a phenol that contains electron-withdrawing groups and a phenol that contains electron-donating groups.

c. a carboxylic acid and an amine.

d. 1-bromooctane and dibutyl ether.

e. 2-pentyne and pentane.

f. 2-nitropentane and 2-aminopentane.

3. What chemical tests could be used to differentiate between:

a. cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, cyclohexylamine, and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid.

b. 4-methyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, and 2-methyl-2-pentanol.

4. In the Tollens test, what substance is being oxidized and what substance is being reduced?

please explain thank you

Explanation / Answer

1. A student claims that a given unknown is a carboxylic acid because the sample dissolves in water, 10% NaOH, and 10% Na2CO3. Critique this conclusion.

This is a very broad and general statement

Note that plenty other substances will disslve as well such as alcohols

Therefore, this is not always true

dissolves in water --> most polar substances

dissolves in NAOH --> most polar substances + ACIDS/Alcohols

dissolves in NA2CO3 --> mild substances will do as well

Therefore, this is not a 100% proof for choosing a carboxilic acid

Easier will be to claculate pH, if it is pretty low (for some cases) you may assume this is a carboxilic acid

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