Describe two experiments you could use to distinguish between an ionic solid and

Question

Describe two experiments you could use to distinguish between an ionic solid and a macromolecular solid. A certain solid does not conduct electricity in either the solid or the molten state. It is insoluble in water and melts around 101 degree C. How would you classify the substance? Explain the reasons for your answer. A solid melts at 29.7 degree C. It conducts electricity in both the solid and molten states. It is insoluble in water. How would you classify the substance? Explain the reasons for your answer. A solid does not conduct an electric current. It melts at 449 degree C and the melt conducts electricity. The solid is soluble in water. How would you classify the substance? Explain the reasons for your answer. A solid does not conduct electricity in the solid state. When melted at a temperature greater than 1870 degree C, the melt also does not conduct electricity. The solid is insoluble in water. How would you classify the substance? Explain the reasons for your answer

Explanation / Answer

1. To distinguish ionic and macro molecular Solid:

Electrical conductivity: In molten state ionic solid have high electrical conductivity whereas macro molecular solid do not conduct electricity even in molten state.

Solubility: ionic solids are soluble in water because of ion dipole interaction. e.g, NaCl soluble in water because of cation and anion interaction with water dipole charges.

on other hand macro molecular solid are held together by covalent interaction they are insoluble in water and polar solvents e.g diamond, ceramic. They have strong covalent network between atoms and molecules.

2. Solid : Non polar covalent solid

Low Melting point usually under 3000C . Solutions of covalent substances are usually poor electrical conductors or nonconductors. But a few highly polar covalent substances form water solutions which are very good conductors.  Polar covalent substances are soluble in polar solvents such as alcohol or water and nonpolar substances are soluble in nonpolar solvents such as hexane. The attractions between water molecules and nonpolar molecules that the two kinds of molecules do not mingle and nonpolar covalent substances are not appreciably soluble in water.

M.P = 1010C

does not conductelectricity in both solid and molten state

insoluble in water

3. Solid: Mettalic solid. Here Metals that are positively charged is in the pool of negatively charged delocalized electron in solid as well as molten state. Delocalized electron is responsible for conducting electricity. They are also insoluble in water. They have high electrical and thermal conductivity.

M.P = 29.70C

conduct electricity in both solid and molten state

insoluble in water

4. Solid: Ionic solid. High meltin point. It do not conduct electricity in solid state as cations and anions are held by strong electrostatic attraction. When melts it conduct electricity as the cations and anions are free to carry electric charge. The are in mobile state. It is soluble in water because of ion dipole interaction between ions and water.

M.P = 4490C

does not conduct electricity in solid

molten state conduct electricity

soluble in water

5. Solid: Macromolecular solid. Or cavalent Network solid It ussually has high melting point around 10000c. It is insoluble in water because it is non polar are good insulators and do not conduct electricity.

does not conduct electricity in the solid state.

when melted at temp graeter than 18700C , melt do not conduct electricity

solid is insoluble in water

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