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Recent estimates conclude that macromolecules occupy approximately 25% of the vo

ID: 51656 • Letter: R

Question

Recent estimates conclude that macromolecules occupy approximately 25% of the volume of a cell. A rod-shaped prokaryotic E. coli cell has dimensions 2 µm long x 0.5 µm in diameter. Assume, for the sake of simplicity, that the macromolecules occupying the cell are all globular proteins of 4 nm diameter. How many of these protein molecules would be found in 25% of the bacterial volume -- Calculations showed there were 2918288 protiens able to be found in this volume.

A) Now assume that half of the crowded volume is occupied by 70S ribosomes with a spherical shape and diameter of 25 nm. How many ribosomes would you find in this crowded space? Show your calculations!

Explanation / Answer

1)

Based on the given data,

The shape of E. coli is: Rod

Length (l) = 2 µm

Diameter (w) = 0.5 µm

Radius = (r) = 0.5/2 = 0.25 µm

The Volume of cylinder (V) = r2h

= 3.14 × (0.25)2 × 2

= 0.39 µm3

Thus, the volume of one E. coli cell is about 0.39 µm3.

Here, the given proteins are globular (sphere) with 4 nm diameter, so radius = 2 nm.

The Volume sphere V= (4/3)r3

= (4/3) × (3.14) × (2)3

= 33.51nm3

Thus, the volume of one globular protein is about 33.51nm3.

The 25% of E. coli volume is: 0.39 µm3 × 0.25 = 0.0975 µm3

Thus, the 25% of bacterial cell volume = 0.0975 µm3 ×1000 = 97.5 nm3

Thus, the number of proteins for this cell volume is: 97.5 nm3 / 33.51nm3

= 2.9

Hence, the number of proteins that can fit in 25% of the E. coli volume is: 2.9 molecules.

2)

Here, the given ribosome is spherical and has 25 nm diameter, so radius = 12.5 nm.

The Volume sphere V= (4/3)r3

= (4/3) × (3.14) × (12.5)3

= 8177 nm3

Thus, the volume of one Ribosome is about 8177 nm3.

The 50% (half of the crowded volume) of E. coli volume is: 0.39 µm3 × 0.50 = 0.195 µm3 or 195 nm3

Thus, the number of ribosomes for this cell volume is: 195 nm3 / 8177 nm3

= 0.023

Hence, the number of ribosomes that can fit in 50% (half of the crowded volume) of the E. coli volume is: 0.023.