Define the terms: a. Ligand b. Coordination number The word \"denticity\" has th

Question

Define the terms: a. Ligand b. Coordination number The word "denticity" has the same root as the word "dentist" and so it's no surprise that it means "toothed". The denticity of a ligand is the number of times a ligand attaches to a metal. For example, a single tridentate ligand attaches to a metal three times, ligands with a high denticity tend to bind to metals very strongly. Based on your knowledge of thermodynamics, why would a high denticity ligand likely grab onto a metal and not release it? In this lab, half of you will be using potassium dichromate. Look up the SDS for potassium dichromate, determine its safety hazards and appropriate FPE.

Explanation / Answer

Ligands are molecules or ions which can bind to a metal center through the donation of electrons. Basically, ligand is a Lewis base.

Coordination number represents the number of ligands around a metal center.

2) When high denticity ligands are bound to metal center there is less decrease in entropy. Since Go depend on enthalpy and entropy factors, they decide the direction of reaction. Since a more positive entropy guarantees a negative free energy , ligands with high denticity will have a higher stability. The enthalpic factor doesn't have much effect since the metal ligand bonds have almost equal energy provided that the donor in ligand is same.

3) safety hazards

Potential Acute Health Effects:
Extremely hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator). Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact
(irritant), of ingestion, . Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, sensitizer), of eye contact (corrosive), of inhalation (lung
irritant). Prolonged exposure may result in skin burns and ulcerations. Over-exposure by inhalation may cause respiratory
irritation. Severe over-exposure can result in death. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching.
Skin inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.
Potential Chronic Health Effects:
Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer). CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified A1 (Confirmed for human.)
by ACGIH. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to
blood, kidneys, lungs, liver, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated exposure to a highly toxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs.

PPE

Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants below the exposure limit.
Personal Protection:
Splash goggles. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:
Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid
inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this product.

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