1. Internal heat production is controlled by: mitochondria the hypothalamo-hypop

Question

1. Internal heat production is controlled by:

mitochondria

the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid axis

thyroxine

2. Neurons have an absolute dependence upon glucose as evidenced by the effect of hypoglycemia, a life-threatening condition that induces either loss of consciousness or coma depending on severity. What initiates the vital process that prevents hypoglycemia?

gluconeogenesis

glucagon secretion

disinhibition of pancreatic -cells.

3. Hypoglycemia can induce loss of consciousness within:

seconds

minutes

hours

4. Identify the principal organ that performs gluconeogenesis:

skeletal muscle

liver

kidney

5. What provided the substrate for gluconeogenesis in our model animal?

skeletal muscle

liver

blood plasma proteins

adipose tissue

6. What is the principal form of energy within arterial blood during the intermediate phase of starvation?

glucose

fatty acids and ketone bodies

amino acids

Explanation / Answer

Question No 1.

Answer: The internal heat production is controlled by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid axis.

Question No 2.

Answer: Gluconeogenesis is the vital process that prevents hypoglycemia.Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, andglucogenic amino acids.It is one of the two main mechanisms used by humans and many other animals to maintain blood glucose levels, avoiding low blood glucose level (hypoglycemia).

Question no 3.

Answer: Hypoglycemia can cause unconciousness within minutes.Unconsciousness due to hypoglycemia can occur within 20 minutes to an hour after early symptoms and is not usually preceded by other illness or symptoms.

Question No 4.

Answer: The principal organ that performs gluconeogenesis is the Liver . In vertebrates, gluconeogenesis takes place mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the cortex of the kidneys. The liver uses primarily lactate, alanine and glycerol while the kidney uses lactate, glutamine and glycerol.

Question No 5.

Answer: Skeletal muscles provided the major substrate (lactate) for gluconeogenesis in our model animal.

Question No 6.

Answer: Fatty acids and Ketone bodies are the principal form of energy within arterial blood during the intermediate phase of starvation.

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