Refer to Figure 11.1. Which of the following has the highest ionization energy?

Question

Refer to Figure 11.1. Which of the following has the highest ionization energy? c. magnesium or aluminum _ d. magnesium or calcium _ a. carbon or oxygen _ b. phosphorus or sulfur _ Refer to Figure 11.2. Which of the following has the largest atomic radius? a. carbon or oxygen _ b. phosphorus or sulfur _ c. magnesium or aluminum _ d. magnesium or calcium _ Compare your answers for questions 5 and 6. What correlation can be made. a. Proceeding from left to right across a period of the periodic table, the elements become (more, less) metallic. b. Proceeding from top to bottom in a group of the periodic table, the elements become (more, less) metallic. Consider the generic equation for the reaction of the halogens, X_2 and Y_2: X_2(g) + 2Y^-(aq) rightarrow 2X^-(aq) + Y_2(g) Is X_2 or Y_3 the more reactive halogen? Explain.

Explanation / Answer

5.

a: Oxygen

b: Phosphorus

c: Magnesium

d: Magnesium

6

a: Carbon

b: Phosphorus

c: Magnesium

d: Calcium

In a period the size decreases as we go from left to right in a periodic table, which can be seen in the above data although sulfur shows lesser ionisation energy than phosphorus.

In case of sulfur, two of the 3p electrons are paired which causes some repulsion between paired electrons in the same sub-level therby reducing the attractive force between the nucleus and the electron.

Mg and calcium belong to different periods and hence the ionisation energy of Ca is lesser than Mg and the size is larger than Mg.

7.

a. Less metallic

b. More metallic

8. X2 is more reactive halogen as it could oxidise Y- to Y2and get itself reduced to X-.

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