1. explain why / how dramatic climate change in the African Rift Valley affected
ID: 50586 • Letter: 1
Question
1. explain why / how dramatic climate change in the African Rift Valley affected the evolution of brain size. be specific
2. explain why differences in skin pigmentation in human populations can be explained by the theory of evolution and natural selection. Be sure to discuss BOTH the evolutionary implications / benefits of light skin pigmentation AND dark skin pigmentation.
3.Which of the following techniques is required to clone animals?
a) adult stem cells
b) therapeutic cloning
c) induced pluripotent stem cells
d) somatic nuclear cell transfer
4.Which of the following statements about natural selection is TRUE?
a) Natural selection is a random process.
b) Natural selection acts on phenotypes that are controlled by genes.
c) Natural selection changes the frequency of alleles in an individual.
d) Natural selection operates independently of the environment.
5. Which of the following BEST describes who Mitochondrial Eve was…
a) An African maternal ancestor of all humanity today.
b) The only female that lived in Africa many years ago.
c) A female that is our ancestor from Asia.
d) The first female to migrate out of Africa.
Explanation / Answer
Answer:
1)
African rift valley due to the evolutionary events such as the change in climate and other extraordinary forces acting on plate tectonic led to change of the plain forest to a fragments of mountains and deep water lakes, this led to developement of the ape.Walking insearch of sources for food by apes to a great distance led to develpement of legs (walking upright on two legs). The brain size of the apes is smaller than human with cranial capacity of about 450 cm3 in apes and about 1500cm3 in humans.
2)
The skin pigmentation is associated with the natural climate conditions, people who are more exposed to the high sunlight will be in the dark color and people exposed with the less intensity of the light are white in color.Dark pigmentation is observed in the African people. Melanin is the pigment synthesized in the human body with response to the exposer of the sunlight. Skin color also expressed in the offsprings due to transmission of the trait from the parent to the off spring. The skin color or pigmentation is can be due to the natural selection, as natural selection functions on the genetic variability in this case, skin pigmentation is transmitted from to the offsprings from the parents.
3)
b) therapeutic cloning: cloning cells of the human.
two methods of therapeutic cloning 1) somatic-cell nuclear transfer 2) pluripotent stem cell induction.
4)b) Natural selection acts on phenotypes that are controlled by genes.
The survival of the fittest is observed from natural selection.
5)a) An African maternal ancestor of all humanity today.
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