2. Consider a small system that is interacting with a reservoir at temperature 4
ID: 504666 • Letter: 2
Question
2. Consider a small system that is interacting with a reservoir at temperature 400 K, pressure 108 Pa, and chemical potential 0.3 eV. (a) To go from state 1 to state 2, the small system must take an additional 0.03 eV of energy and 1029 m3 of volume from the reservoir. How many times more probable is it for the small system to be in state 1 than state 2? (b) To go from state 1 to state 3 the small system must take 0.4 eV of energy and one particle (but no extra volume) from the reservoir. How many times more probable is it that the small system is in state 1 than state 3? (c) To go from state 1 to state 4, the small system must take no energy but one particle and 1027m3 of volume from the reservoir. How many times more probable is it that the small system is in state 1 than state 4 2. Consider a small system that is interacting with a reservoir at temperature 400 K, pressure 108 Pa, and chemical potential 0.3 eV. (a) To go from state 1 to state 2, the small system must take an additional 0.03 eV of energy and 1029 m3 of volume from the reservoir. How many times more probable is it for the small system to be in state 1 than state 2? (b) To go from state 1 to state 3 the small system must take 0.4 eV of energy and one particle (but no extra volume) from the reservoir. How many times more probable is it that the small system is in state 1 than state 3? (c) To go from state 1 to state 4, the small system must take no energy but one particle and 1027m3 of volume from the reservoir. How many times more probable is it that the small system is in state 1 than state 4 2. Consider a small system that is interacting with a reservoir at temperature 400 K, pressure 108 Pa, and chemical potential 0.3 eV. (a) To go from state 1 to state 2, the small system must take an additional 0.03 eV of energy and 1029 m3 of volume from the reservoir. How many times more probable is it for the small system to be in state 1 than state 2? (b) To go from state 1 to state 3 the small system must take 0.4 eV of energy and one particle (but no extra volume) from the reservoir. How many times more probable is it that the small system is in state 1 than state 3? (c) To go from state 1 to state 4, the small system must take no energy but one particle and 1027m3 of volume from the reservoir. How many times more probable is it that the small system is in state 1 than state 4Explanation / Answer
A phase is a quantity of matter characterized by both uniform physical structure and uniform chemical composition. A phase can be solid, liquid, vapor or gas. The atoms in a solid phase are fixed relative to other atoms in the solid. They are however can vibrate about this fixed position. Like a solid, molecules within the liquid phase are in close proximity to one another due to intermolecular forces. However, the molecules in a liquid are not fixed relative to other molecules in the liquid. They are constantly in motion, free to move relative to one another. More than one liquid phase can coexist such as oil and water. They are considered separate liquid phases since they are not miscible. Similarly, solids can coexist in different phases. For example, solid carbon can exist in the diamond phase or the graphite phase. Gas molecules move randomly to fill the entire volume of the container in which they are housed. The molecules continuously change direction as they colide with each other and bounce off
to go from state 1 o state 2,
it is more probable than state 2 , because it involves a llttle bit energy than that of state 1.and more volume is
also taken, it can be condidered ro be more probable in 1 than in state 2.
in case of state 3 , more energy is taken and no extra volume is taken, the probabiliy in state 3 is more.
in case of state 4, no extra energy is taken but more volume is involved in state 4 is less probable compared of 3,
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