QUESTION 9 In one animal cell there are three different proteins binding to spec
ID: 50272 • Letter: Q
Question
QUESTION 9
In one animal cell there are three different proteins binding to specific DNA nucleotide sequences between 300 and 850 nucleotides away from the starting point of transcription of a gene. Another kind of cell in the same animal has eleven different proteins binding to specific DNA sequences in the same region. What is the likeliest effect of these differences on the two kinds of cells?
One cell will be larger than the other
The two kinds of cells will contain different amounts of a particular protein
Two different proteins will be produced: one protein in one cell, another protein in the other cell
4. One cell will differentiate into a particular cell type, the other will not differentiate
QUESTION 23
The cerebellum is concerned mostly with
simple reactions like the ‘knee jerk’ reflex
integration of sensory information from touch receptors in the skin
maintaining homeostasis in especially the respiratory and circulatory systems
abstract thinking
5. muscle coordination
QUESTION 26
One of the responses of an insect such as a moth to the approach of a bat is to fall to earth. What is this response most similar to in humans?
Insulin release from the pancreas
Hearing a particular sound
Fight or flight responses involving the adrenal cortex
Seeing a particular color and recognizing it as a favorite
5. Jerking your hand away after touching a very hot object
QUESTION 30
When you move your head from left to right your vestibular system ‘tells’ you what you were doing. How does it work?
An unusually high concentration of K+ in the fluid of the canal makes the entire sensory cell extremely sensitive to motion
Moving your head causes the hair cells to experience centrifugal force which causes small dense particles in the cell’s cytoplasm to move to the outer edge of the cell. As the particles touch receptor proteins, signals are sent to a nearby sensory axon
Fluid in one of the semicircular canals moves relative to your head and causes hair cells to release signal molecules onto a sensory neuron’s axon tip
4. A receptor potential in one receptor cell is transmitted to other receptor cells and finally to a sensory axon
QUESTION 33
When a protein is produced from a particular gene, another gene in the same cell’s nucleus soon begins to transcribe RNA from its coding regions. When the first gene is artificially inactivated, the second gene soon stops RNA transcription. What does the protein made from the first gene’s mRNA likely do?
Cause all genes in the cell to be expressed
Bind to many places on the DNA and cut it into pieces
Diffuse out of the cell and bind to receptors on the plasma membrane
4. Bind to DNA at a particular sequence of nucleotides and cause the DNA to bend into a new shape
QUESTION 39
Some plant species’ seeds must survive fire in order to germinate later. What is the likeliest adaptive value of this phenomenon?
After the seeds germinate the young plants will face little competition for resources
The seed is warmed to high temperatures which are necessary to increase the rates of enzyme reactions
The high temperatures are required to destroy inhibitors of germination
Seeds that have been through fire are more attractive to seed-eating animals
QUESTION 34
Although quite different in structure, plants and animals closely share some basic similarities in their development. Which of the following is the most similar in plants and animals?
The importance of cell and tissue movements
The importance of selective cell enlargement
Master regulatory genes that encode DNA-binding proteins
4. The importance of signals from the environment
QUESTION 48
When a cardiac muscle cell contracts, neighboring cells attached to it soon also contract, followed shortly by yet more cardiac cells contracting. What is the basis for such sequential contraction?
When one cell contracts, the hydrostatic pressure inside the cell increases and liquid is forced into neighboring cells, causing them to contract in turn
Muscle contraction results in CO2 production. Excess CO2 diffuses to neighboring cells, causing them to contract
Positively charged ions enter a cardiac cell, causing more positive ions to enter. The excess ion charge travels through small channels to neighboring cells, causing them to contract
Contraction of one cell causes its neighbors to be stretched. Stretched cardiac cells contract
QUESTION 49
Of what value are the septa (sheets of tissue) between segments of an earthworm?
The edges of septa have sensory touch receptors that allow the earthworm to know when it is located in an appropriate environment
They separate the individual units of the excretory system (nephridia) from each other
Septa allow individual segments to swell and elongate when body wall muscles contract
They divide the nervous system into discrete units, each containing two ganglia and peripheral nerve axons
Earthworms add segments to their back end as they grow and never lose the septa
1.One cell will be larger than the other
2.The two kinds of cells will contain different amounts of a particular protein
3.Two different proteins will be produced: one protein in one cell, another protein in the other cell
4. One cell will differentiate into a particular cell type, the other will not differentiate
QUESTION 23
The cerebellum is concerned mostly with
1.simple reactions like the ‘knee jerk’ reflex
2.integration of sensory information from touch receptors in the skin
3.maintaining homeostasis in especially the respiratory and circulatory systems
4.abstract thinking
5. muscle coordination
QUESTION 26
One of the responses of an insect such as a moth to the approach of a bat is to fall to earth. What is this response most similar to in humans?
1.Insulin release from the pancreas
2.Hearing a particular sound
3.Fight or flight responses involving the adrenal cortex
4.Seeing a particular color and recognizing it as a favorite
5. Jerking your hand away after touching a very hot object
QUESTION 30
When you move your head from left to right your vestibular system ‘tells’ you what you were doing. How does it work?
1.An unusually high concentration of K+ in the fluid of the canal makes the entire sensory cell extremely sensitive to motion
2.Moving your head causes the hair cells to experience centrifugal force which causes small dense particles in the cell’s cytoplasm to move to the outer edge of the cell. As the particles touch receptor proteins, signals are sent to a nearby sensory axon
3.Fluid in one of the semicircular canals moves relative to your head and causes hair cells to release signal molecules onto a sensory neuron’s axon tip
4. A receptor potential in one receptor cell is transmitted to other receptor cells and finally to a sensory axon
QUESTION 33
When a protein is produced from a particular gene, another gene in the same cell’s nucleus soon begins to transcribe RNA from its coding regions. When the first gene is artificially inactivated, the second gene soon stops RNA transcription. What does the protein made from the first gene’s mRNA likely do?
1.Cause all genes in the cell to be expressed
2.Bind to many places on the DNA and cut it into pieces
3.Diffuse out of the cell and bind to receptors on the plasma membrane
4. Bind to DNA at a particular sequence of nucleotides and cause the DNA to bend into a new shape
QUESTION 39
Some plant species’ seeds must survive fire in order to germinate later. What is the likeliest adaptive value of this phenomenon?
1.After the seeds germinate the young plants will face little competition for resources
2.The seed is warmed to high temperatures which are necessary to increase the rates of enzyme reactions
3.The high temperatures are required to destroy inhibitors of germination
4.Seeds that have been through fire are more attractive to seed-eating animals
QUESTION 34
Although quite different in structure, plants and animals closely share some basic similarities in their development. Which of the following is the most similar in plants and animals?
1.The importance of cell and tissue movements
2.The importance of selective cell enlargement
3.Master regulatory genes that encode DNA-binding proteins
4. The importance of signals from the environment
QUESTION 48
When a cardiac muscle cell contracts, neighboring cells attached to it soon also contract, followed shortly by yet more cardiac cells contracting. What is the basis for such sequential contraction?
1.When one cell contracts, the hydrostatic pressure inside the cell increases and liquid is forced into neighboring cells, causing them to contract in turn
2.Muscle contraction results in CO2 production. Excess CO2 diffuses to neighboring cells, causing them to contract
3.Positively charged ions enter a cardiac cell, causing more positive ions to enter. The excess ion charge travels through small channels to neighboring cells, causing them to contract
4.Contraction of one cell causes its neighbors to be stretched. Stretched cardiac cells contract
QUESTION 49
Of what value are the septa (sheets of tissue) between segments of an earthworm?
1.The edges of septa have sensory touch receptors that allow the earthworm to know when it is located in an appropriate environment
2.They separate the individual units of the excretory system (nephridia) from each other
3.Septa allow individual segments to swell and elongate when body wall muscles contract
4.They divide the nervous system into discrete units, each containing two ganglia and peripheral nerve axons
5.Earthworms add segments to their back end as they grow and never lose the septa
Explanation / Answer
ans 1 ------ One cell will differentiate into a particular cell type, the other will not differentiate. because the proteins from one are binding to a particular sequence and again different types of protein from different will not be able to bind hence will not differentiate.
ans 2 --- abstract thinking and muscle coordination , because cerebellum is involved in these functions.
ans 3 ---- Jerking your hand away after touching a very hot object.is the same situation as given for the insect
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