Question 6 A classmate tells you that ethanol consumption can trigger an increas

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Question 6 A classmate tells you that ethanol consumption can trigger an increase of the level of triacylglycerol in the blood. You know that triacylglycerol molecules are synthesized in the liver and that ethanol is catabolized in the liver by two sequential reactions: Ethanol + NAD^+ rightarrow Acetaldehyde + NADH + H^+ Acetaldehyde + NAD + H,O rightarrow Acetic acid + NADH + H^+ 1) The oxidation of fatty acids (Beta-oxidation) results in the synthesis of Acetyl-CoA molecules. a) How many rounds of Beta-oxidation are necessary to degrade completely a 16-carbon fatty acid?? b) How many acetyl-CoA molecules are produced when a 16-carbon fatty acid is degraded?? c) Does the oxidation of a fatty acid result in the formation of reduced (NADH, FADH_2) or oxidized (NAD^+, FAD)? 2) Explain why the citric acid cycle slows down when the concentration of available intracellular oxygen is reduced. 3) NADH cannot pass through the inner membrane of mitochondria but NADH synthesized in the cytoplasm contributes to oxidative phosphorylation inside the mitochondrial matrix. Briefly describe how the Glycerol- 3-phosphate/Dihydroxyacetone phosphate shuttle moves reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the mitochondria. 4) The catabolism of ethanol results in the following metabolic changes: - A decrease in fatty acid oxidation - The citric acid cycle slow down - An accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate. Based on your previous answers explain the three metabolic changes. (6 pts)

Explanation / Answer

6. a. Number of rounds of beta- oxidation necessary to degrade a 16- carbon fatty acid = (n/2) - 1 = 7 rounds of beta oxidation.

b. In acetyl CoA, acetyl group is formed by two carbons. So, the number of acetyl CoA formed = The number of carbonatoms in fatty acid/2 = 16/2 = 8 acetyl CoA molecules.

c. Oxidation of fatty acid result in the formation of reduced NADH and FADH2

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