12BL Prelab Experiment 9: Directive Effects in Vanillin Bromination 1. Explain w
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12BL Prelab Experiment 9: Directive Effects in Vanillin Bromination 1. Explain what an Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) reaction is? 2. What species is the nucleophile in an EAS reaction? 3. What are the all the reagents/catalysts/etc... that you need to put the following groups onto a benzene ring? a. benzene-Br b. benzene-soaH c. benzene-NO2 d. benzene- COCH3 4. For substituents already on a benzene ring. What is meant by Activators? How do you recognize Activators? Example? What is meant by Deactivators? How do you recognize Deactivators? Example?Explanation / Answer
Question1
Explain what an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is
Electrophilic aromatic substitution
It is a substitution reaction and in which an atom that is attached to an aromatic system (normally hydrogen) is replaced by an electrophile.
Examples for electrophilic aromatic substitutions are
What species is nucleophile in an Electrophilic aromatic substitution
halides (Br, Cl)
SO3 or SO3H+ (sulfonic acid) (reversible EAS reaction.)
nitro (+ NO2)
(alkyl group, R)
( + O C–R, acylium ion)
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Br/FeBr3
So3/H2So4
HNO3/H2So4
Br/FeBr3
So3/H2So4
HNO3/H2So4
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