1. What is/are the independent variable(s)? a. Average NPP b. Species diversity

Question

1. What is/are the independent variable(s)?

a. Average NPP

b. Species diversity (1/D)

c. Both A and B

d. Normal/elevated nitrogen level

2. What is/are the dependent variable(s)?

a. Average NPP

b. Species diversity (1/D)

c. Both A and B

d. Normal/elevated nitrogen level

3. What does the height of each bar represent, per graph?

a. Mean NPP/diversity

b. Medium NPP/diversity

c. Maximum NPP/diversity

d. Variance in NPP/diversity

4. What is/are the null hypothesis/hypotheses for this experiment?

a. Equal mean NPP/diversity in the control and experimental groups

b. Equal variance in NPP/diversity in the control and experimental group

c. Different mean NPP/diversity in the control and experimental groups

d. More mean NPP and less mean diversity in the control and experimental groups, respectively

5. What statistical test(s) would be most appropriate for evaluating these hypotheses?

a. Chi-square

b. A single one-way ANOVA

c. Multiple one-way ANOVAs

d. A single two-way ANOVA

6. Why is this type of analysis best for these data?

a. multiple independent variables

b. multiple dependent variables

c. Both A and B

d. None of the above

7. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of this type of analysis?

a. Means are equal

b. Variances are equal

c. Data are normally distributed

d. Data are independent

8. These data suggest that increasing nitrogen deposition in this system will lead to __________ productivity and __________ diversity.

a. No change in: No change in

b. No change in; Lower

c. Higher; No change in

d. Higher; Lower

9. Is there evidence that nitrogen is a limiting nutrient in this ecosystem?

a. Yes, because adding more limits NPP

b. Yes, because adding more limits species diversity

c. Yes, because adding more increases NPP

d. No

Explanation / Answer

1. The independent variable is one that stands alone and will not change by the influence of other variables we are trying to measure. Best example is age of a person; it will not change even in the presence of various variables. Here, the independent variable is Normal/elevated nitrogen level. Hence, the right option is (d).

2. The dependent variables are those that will be affected by the influence of other variables during the experiment. In this experiment, the dependent variables are average NPP and species diversity (1/D). Hence, the correct answer is (d) both A and B.

3. The height of each bar in a graph represent Mean NPP/ diversity (a). Mean NPP is nothing but Mean Net Primary Production.

4. The null hypothesis/hypotheses for this experiment is Equal mean NPP/diversity in the control and experimental groups (a).

5. Thestatistical test that would be most appropriate for evaluating these hypotheses is a single one-way ANOVA (b).

6. None of the given options explains why this type of analysis is best for these data. Hence, the right option is (d).

7. "Means are equal" is not an assumption of this type of analysis. Hence, the right option is (a).

8. These data suggest that increasing nitrogen deposition in this system will lead to _Higher_ productivity and _Lower_ diversity. Hence, the right option is (d).

9. No, there is no evidence that nitrogen is a limiting nutrient in this ecosystem, making the option (a) right answer.

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