You fill a thermos bottle with milk and shake vigorously. If milk is considered

Question

You fill a thermos bottle with milk and shake vigorously. If milk is considered the system (a) will the temperature rise as a result of the shaking, (b) has heat been added to the system, (c) has work been done on the system, (d) and has the internal energy of the system changed? The equation of state for a specific gas is given by P [(V/n) - b] = RT. Obtain an equation for the maximum work done by the gas for a reversible isothermal expansion from V_i to V_f. At 298 K, predict which gas will have the largest value for molar heat capacity at constant volume: HCl, Ne, O_2, He, CCl_4. Explain your reasoning. An ideal gas is isothermally compressed from P_iV_i to P_fV_f. Under what conditions would work be a maximum? A minimum? Write expressions for the work done in each process. Explain your reasoning.

Explanation / Answer

The bottle containing milk ensures q=0, as it prevents transfer of heat from or to surroundings

A. Mechanical energy has been added to the system by shaking, the random motion of molecules in milk increased, and hence temp rises

B.the insulation of bottle prevents transfer of heat between system and surroundings

C. Work is done on system by shaking bottle

D. The internal energy of the system has been increased

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