D Example 73 Predict the solubility of the following solutes in the solvent indi
ID: 489047 • Letter: D
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D Example 73 Predict the solubility of the following solutes in the solvent indicated: a. ammonia gas (NH3) in water b. oxygen gas (O2) in water c. Ca(NO3)2 in water d. Mg3(PO4)2 in water e. paraffin wax (nonpolar) in CCl4 Solution l a. Soluble: NH3 is polar-like dissolves like. The actual solubility at 20°C is 51.8 g/ 100g H2O b. Insoluble: O2 is nonpolar. The actual solubility at 20°C is 4.3 x 10-3 g/100 g H2o. c. Soluble: nitrates are soluble in water (Table 7.4). d. Insoluble: phosphates are insoluble except those of group IA(1)and NH4+ (Table 7.4). Soluble: CC14 is nonpolar-like dissolves like. LEARNING CHECK 73 a. Refer to Table 7.4 and decide which of the following salts you would use as a solute if you wanted to prepare solution that contained as many barium ions (Ba t) as possible: BaSO4, Ba(NO3)2, or a answer. BaCO3. Explain b. A common sight on the evening TV news in the late 1960s and 197os was sea birds soaked with crude oil being cleaned by concerned people. Which of the following do you think was used to clean the oil from the birds? Explain your answer. Light mineral oil, purified water, seawater, or gasoline.Explanation / Answer
Aomount of substance that is soluble in a given solvent can only be known by doing the same in the laboratory. So, it is experimental data.
Polarity can be known by the electronegativities of the bonded atoms.
(a) NH3, Nitogen is more electronegative than Hydrogen whose values on Pauling scale are as EN of N = 3.0 and EN of H = 2.1
Due to difference in electronegativities the bond pair of electrons are more effectively attracted by more electronegative atom, so it gets partial negative charge and the other gets partial positve charge.
So, NH3 is polar molecule.
*** The solubility of a substance in the given solvent is known by the difference in the attractive forces of the substance with solvent molecules and the attractions among its own molecules in pure form.
If the interactions with solvent molecules is more effective than with its own molecules then the substance gets dissolved in the given solvent otherwise it does not dissolve.
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