The simple Bohr model (the model without subshells) works well up to the 19th el

Question

The simple Bohr model (the model without subshells) works well up to the 19th element, potassium (K). Explain how it fails at K. What was the experimental evidence that supported the existence of subshells? Explain how this evidence suggested subshells. (a) What is the numbering system used to label shells? (b) What is the lettering system used to label subshells? (c) How many subshells are there in a given shell? How many electrons can each subshell hold before it is considered full? Bohr solved the potassium problem by putting its last electron where? How did he justify this? You have seen that the 4s subshell fills before the 3d subshell. This being true, what would be wrong with drawing the Bohr diagrams as follow?

Explanation / Answer

Solution 4.78: Because the actual structure of electron clouds is quite complex and depends on a statistical analysis of the interaction of nuclear forces. The way an atom works and what gives rise to its chemical properties gets more complex as the size of the atom rises.With a small atom ,the simplistic Bohr's model is close enough to accurate to work pretty well, but as the atom gets more complicated, the Bohr's model gets less and less accurate.

Solution 4.79:The existence of inner shell is shown by X-ray fluorescence. A huge energy or gamma photon knocks an electron out of the inner shell and emits an X-ray photon.

Solution 4.80(a): An electron shell is the set of allowed states that share the same principal quantum number. The electron shells are labeled K,L,M,N,Oand Q..or 1,2,3,4,5........going from innermost to outwards.

(b) &(c): Each subshell is composed of one or more subshells.which are themselves composed of atomic orbitals .First shell (K) has one sbushell called 1s, second shell(L) has 2 subshells called 2s2p,third shell(M) has 3 subshells called 3s3p3d ,fourth shell has 4 subshells called 4s4p4d4f and so on.

Solution4.81:Each s subshell holds at most 2electrons.

Each p subshell holds at most 6electron.

Each d subshell holds at most 10 electron.

Each f sushell hoholds at most 14 electron.

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