Free fatty acids (FFAs) and triacylglycerides (TAGs) Results for Dave: 500 mg/dL
ID: 487507 • Letter: F
Question
Free fatty acids (FFAs) and triacylglycerides (TAGs)
Results for Dave: 500 mg/dL FFAs (normal range: 190-420 mg/dL); 190 mg/dL TAGs (normal range: 40-150 mg/dL)
Results for Michael: 660 mg/dL FFAs (normal range: 190-420 mg/dL); 230 mg/dL TAGs (normal range: 40-150 mg/dL)
Glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c as a marker)
Results for Dave: [Glc] = 39 mg/dL (normal range: 70-110 mg/dL) Note: This value indicates severe hypoglycemia; HbA1c = 4.4% (normal range: 4 – 6.5%)
Results for Michael: [Glc] = 31 mg/dL (normal range: 70-110 mg/dL) Note: This value indicates severe hypoglycemia; HbA1c = 3.2% (normal range: 4 – 6.5%) (Note: You may wish to read about glycosylated hemoglobin)
When a typical person runs a marathon, they do not become severely hypoglycemic to the extent that either Michael or Dave did. Some people consume carbohydrates during the race in the form of foods, gels or sports drinks that have added sugar. However, even when dietary carbohydrates are not consumed during the race, how does the body of a healthy individual maintain adequate levels of blood glucose during sustained aerobic exercise? (Select ALL that apply!) Hint: You may wish to review about glycogen, ketone bodies, and amino acid degradation before attempting this question!
Most blood glucose will come from the breakdown of liver glycogen (glycogenolysis) and the export of this glucose from the liver to the blood
Ketone bodies are produced by adipocytes and converted into glucose by the liver
Even-numbered fatty acids are catabolized and the carbon is used for gluconeogenesis in the liver
Glucogenic amino acids are deaminated and the carbon skeletons used to synthesize glucose
Most blood glucose will come from the breakdown of brain glycogen (glycogenolysis) and the export of this glucose from brain to the blood
Muscles run gluconeogenesis and export glucose into blood
The exclusively ketogenic amino acids (leucine and lysine) are deaminated and the carbon skeletons used to synthesize glucose
Muscles convert lactate back into glucose and export this glucose back out into the blood
Most blood glucose will come from the breakdown of liver glycogen (glycogenolysis) and the export of this glucose from the liver to the blood
Ketone bodies are produced by adipocytes and converted into glucose by the liver
Even-numbered fatty acids are catabolized and the carbon is used for gluconeogenesis in the liver
Glucogenic amino acids are deaminated and the carbon skeletons used to synthesize glucose
Most blood glucose will come from the breakdown of brain glycogen (glycogenolysis) and the export of this glucose from brain to the blood
Muscles run gluconeogenesis and export glucose into blood
The exclusively ketogenic amino acids (leucine and lysine) are deaminated and the carbon skeletons used to synthesize glucose
Muscles convert lactate back into glucose and export this glucose back out into the blood
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