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1. Genes that encode components of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix oft

ID: 48645 • Letter: 1

Question

1. Genes that encode components of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix often contribute to which process?

Select one:

a. Signal transduction

b. Metastasis

c. Primary tumor formation

d. Mutation

e. DNA repair

2. In Burkitt lymphoma patients, despite translocation, the oncogene c-MYC remains nearly intact in its new location. Yet c-MYC is believed to be responsible for the lymphoma because:

Select one:

a. The c-MYC DNA sequence undergoes several point mutations

b. the c-MYC gene is placed under the control of B-cell-specific gene regulatory sequences and is highly expressed.

c. The c-MYC gene is released from inhibition by miRNAs.

d. The c-MYC DNA sequence undergoes hypermethylation.

e. the c-MYC DNA sequence is nearly intact but is inverted in the new position.

3. Which of the following result(s) directly from metastasis?

Select one:

a. Primary tumors

b. Decreased DNA repair

c. Secondary tumors

d. Tumor vascularization

e. Increased apoptosis

4. Which of the following best characterizes many cancers such as colon cancer?

Select one:

a. They result from the activation of one critical tumor-suppressor gene

b. They result from a series of sequential mutations in a number of genes.

c. They result from decreased expression in a series of cellular oncogenes

d. They result when the transition from G2 to M in the cell cycle is inhibited

e. They result when DNA replication during the S period of the cell cycle is inhibited

5. A rare situation where only one of the two copies of a particular tumor-suppressor gene needs to be inactivated before there is a progression toward cancer would be called?

Select one:

a. Clonal evolution

b. Haploinsufficiency

c. Aneuploidy

d. Loss of heterozygosity

e. Signal transduction

Explanation / Answer

1.b. Metastasis

3. Secondary tumors