Solution is a homogeneous mixture of multiple substances. The substance which is

ID: 483502 • Letter: S

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Solution is a homogeneous mixture of multiple substances. The substance which is being dissolved is called a solute and the substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent. The solubility of a substance is defined as the maximum amount of that substance dissolved in a given amount of a particular solvent. For example, the solubility of NaCl in water is 36.0 g/100 mL at 25 °C and 1 atm, while its solubility in ethanol is 0.051 g/100 mL under the same condition. Therefore, solubility test is a qualitatively method to identify the unknown substance, using the solubility difference between different solvents. Question: Suppose you need to differentiate the solids in each pair using their solubility difference in water and ethanol (as shown in the table). So you dissolve 0.40 g of each solid into 10 mL each solvent (Each solution composes one solvent and one solute). The solids in which pair CANNOT be differentiated using their solubility difference in water and ethanol? Solubility in Water (20 °C, 1 atm) g/100 mL Solubility in Ethanol (20 °C, 1 atm) g/100 mL NaCl 35.9 0.051 (25°C ) NaOH 111 13.9 CH3COONa (anhydrous) 123 5.3 Na2CO3 21.5 Insoluble NaNO3 87.6 Slightly soluble NaNO3 and CH3COONa (anhydrous) NaCl and NaOH NaOH and NaNO3 Na2CO3 and CH3COONa (anhydrous) NaOH and CH3COONa (anhydrous)

Explanation / Answer

Solubility in Water (20 °C, 1 atm) g/100 mL

Solubility in Ethanol (20 °C, 1 atm) g/100 mL

NaCl 35.9 0.051 (25°C )

NaOH 111 13.9

CH3COONa (anhydrous) 123 5.3

Na2CO3 21.5 Insoluble

NaNO3 87.6 Slightly soluble

From the above values we can conclude that:

NaNO3 and CH3COONa (anhydrous) in this mixture NaNO3 and CH3COONa both are soluble in water but NaNO3 is slightly soluble in water and soium acetate is more soluble in ethanol.So based on the solubility difference we can differentiate both.

NaCl and NaOH : Both are soluble in water , but NaCl is very very less soluble in ethanol than NaOH hence both can be separated.

NaOH and NaNO3: Both are soluble in water , but NaNO3 is very very less soluble in ethanol than NaOH hence both can be separated.

Na2CO3 and CH3COONa (anhydrous): Both are soluble in water , but Na2CO3 is insoluble in ethanol than CH3COONa hence both can be separated.

NaOH and CH3COONa (anhydrous): Both are soluble in water and ethanol.Hence it is not possible to separate them by using this solvents.

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Solution is a homogeneous mixture of multiple substances. The substance which is

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