The structures of ethanol and 1-butanol are shown below. Both are liquids at roo

Question

The structures of ethanol and 1-butanol are shown below. Both are liquids at room temperature. The dipole moment of ethanol is 1.69 D and the dipole moment of 1-butanol is 1.66 D. 1-butanol has higher viscosity and surface tension than ethanol. The boiling point of 1-butanol is 117.73degree C and the boiling point of ethanol is 78.29 degree C. What types of intermolecular forces would you expect to exist among molecules of ethanol? (Select all that apply.) dipole-dipole interactions ion-dipole interactions hydrogen bonding interactions London dispersion forces What types of intermolecular forces would you expect to exist among molecules of 1-butanol? (Select all that apply.) dipole-dipole interactions ion-dipole interactions hydrogen bonding interactions London dispersion forces Explain the difference in surface tension, viscosity, and boiling point among the two liquids based on the difference in the strength of their intermolecular forces. 1-butanol and ethanol both have O-H bonds that allow for, so this is not a differentiating property. 1-butanol and ethanol have almost the same dipole moment. Because of this, the magnitude of the dipole-dipole attractions between molecules of 1-butanol are expected to be those between ethanol molecules. 1-butanol is a larger molecule than ethanol. Because of this difference in size, the magnitude of the London dispersion forces between molecules of 1-butanol are expected to be those between ethanol molecules. The of the 1-butanol molecule relative to ethanol implies there will be greater intermolecular attraction among 1-butanol molecules than among ethanol molecules. This explains why 1-butanol has a higher surface tension, viscosity, and boiling point, than ethanol, as all of these characteristics with the strength of intermolecular forces.

Explanation / Answer

(a) The intermolecular forces present here are

(1) Dipole dipole forces

(2) Londen dispersion forces and

(3) Hydrogen bonding forces

(b)

The intermolecular forces present in butanol are

(1) Dipole dipole forces

(2) Londen dispersion forces and

(3) Hydrogen bonding forces

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