Define the following terms- Finance/Accounting System (FA), Human Resource Manag
ID: 455621 • Letter: D
Question
Define the following terms-
Finance/Accounting System (FA), Human Resource Management System (HRM), Inventory Control Management System (ICM), Point of Sale (POS), Electronic Health Record (EHR), Electronic Medical Record (EMR), Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), HL7 Standards, ANSI X12 Standards, XML Interfaces, Project Management, Project Management Life Cycle (PMLC,) LEAN, Six Sigma, Agile, Scrum, Just in Time (JIT), HITECH, Business Systems Analysis, Database, Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), Health Care Informatics, Data Interface and Exchange Systems, Disease Registry, Data Mart
Explanation / Answer
Finance/Accounting System (FA)
A field of accounting that treats money as a means of measuring economic performance instead of as a factor of production. It encompasses the entire system of monitoring and control of money as it flows in and out of an organization as assets and liabilities, and revenues and expenses. Financial accounting gathers and summarizes financial data to prepare financial reports such as balance sheet and income statement forthe organization's management, investors, lenders, suppliers, tax authorities, and other stakeholders.
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Financial accounting is the process of recording, summarizing and reporting the myriad of transactions from a business, so as to provide an accurate picture of its financial position and performance. The primary objective of financial accounting is the preparation of financial statements - including the balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement - that encapsulates the company's operating performance over a particular period, and financial position at a specific point in time. These statements - which are generally prepared quarterly and annually, and in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) - are aimed at external parties including investors, creditors, regulators and tax authorities.
Human Resource Management System (HRM)
A Human Resources Management System (HRMS) is a software application that combines many human resources functions, including benefits administration, payroll, recruiting and training, and performance analysis and review into one package.
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Human Resource Management is the process of recruitment, selection of employee, providing proper orientation and induction, providing proper training and the developing skills, assessment of employee (performance of appraisal), providing proper compensation and benefits, motivating, maintaining proper relations with labor and with trade unions, maintaining employee’s safety, welfare and health by complying with labor laws of concern state or country.
Inventory Control Management System (ICM)
Activities employed in maintaining the optimum number or amount of each inventory item.
The objective of inventory management is to provide uninterrupted production, sales, and/or customer-service levels at the minimum cost. Since for many companies inventory is the largest item in the current assets category, inventory problems can and do contribute to losses or even business failures. Also called inventory control.
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An inventory control system is a system the encompasses all aspects of managing a company's inventories; purchasing, shipping, receiving, tracking, warehousing and storage, turnover, and reordering. In different firms the activities associated with each of these areas may not be strictly contained within separate subsystems, but these functions must be performed in sequence in order to have a well-run inventory control system. Computerized inventory control systems make it possible to integrate the various functional subsystems that are a part of the inventory management into a single cohesive system.
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An inventory control system is a set of hardware and software based tools that automate the process of tracking inventory. The kinds of inventory tracked with an inventory control system can include almost any type of quantifiable good, including food, clothing, books, equipment, and any other item that consumers, retailers, or wholesalers may purchase. Modern inventory control systems are almost exclusively based on barcode technology. Though barcodes were initially developed to automate the process of grocery store checkout, their ability to encode a wide variety of alphabetic and numeric symbols makes them ideal for encoding merchandise for inventory applications. Inventory control systems work in real-time using wireless technology to transmit information to a central computer system as transactions occur.
Point of Sale (POS)
A point of sale (POS) is the place where sales are made. On a macro level, a POS may be a mall, a market or a city. On a micro level, retailers consider a POS to be the area where a customer completes a transaction, such as a checkout counter. It is also known as a point of purchase.
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POS or PoS is an abbreviation for Point of Sale (or Point-of-Sale, or Point of Service). The term is applicable to a retail shop or store, the checkout/cashier counter in the store, or a location where such transactions can occur in this type of environment. It can also apply to the actual Point of Sale (POS) Hardware & Software including but not limited to : electronic cash register systems, touch-screen display, barcode scanners, receipt printers, scales and pole displays. Point of Sale Systems are utilized in many different industries, ranging from restaurants, hotels & hospitality businesses, nail/beauty salons, casinos, stadiums, and let's not forget - the retail environments. In the most basic sense, if something can be exchanged for monetary value - a Point of Sale System can be used.
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Point of sale, or POS as it is more commonly abbreviated, refers to the capturing of data and customer payment information at a physical location when goods or services are bought and sold. The POS transaction is captured using a variety of devices which include computers, cash registers, optical and bar code scanners, magnetic card readers, or any combination of these devices.
Electronic Health Record (EHR)
An electronic health record (EHR) is an official health record for an individual that is shared among multiple facilities and agencies. Digitized health information systems are expected to improve efficiency and quality of care and, ultimately, reduce costs.
Electronic Medical Record (EMR)
Electronic medical record (EMR) systems, defined as "an electronic record of health-related information on an individual that can be created, gathered, managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff within one health care organization,” have the potential to provide substantial benefits to physicians, clinic practices, and health care organizations. These systems can facilitate workflow and improve the quality of patient care and patient safety. Despite these benefits, widespread adoption of EMRs in the United States is low; a recent survey indicated that only 4 percent of ambulatory physicians reported having an extensive, fully functional electronic records system and 13 percent reported having a basic system.
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
System development lifecycle (SDLC) is a process of information system (IS) development. Various SDLC models have been created and can be implemented, including waterfall, rapid prototyping, incremental, spiral, fountain, build and fix, synchronize and stabilize and rapid application development (RAD).
Incrementally defined SDLC stages include requirement gathering, investigation, testing, design, installation, implementation, integration and maintenance.
This term is also known as the software development lifecycle.
HL7 Standards
Health Level-7 or HL7 refers to a set of international standards for transfer of clinical and administrative data between software applications used by various healthcare providers. These standards focus on the application layer, which is "layer 7" in the OSI model.
ANSI X12 Standards
In 1979, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) chartered the Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) X12 to develop uniform standards for inter-industry electronic exchange of business transactions, namely electronic data interchange. ANSI X12 was originally conceived to support companies across different industry sectors in North America however today there are more than 300,000 companies’ worldwide using X12 EDI standards in daily business transactions. ASC X12 also contributes to UN/EDIFACT messages that are used widely outside of the United States.
XML Interfaces
XML interfaces are basically text message interfaces that send data via HTTPS protocol (http over 128-bit SSL) to special certification web servers of the system.
Project Management
Project management is the discipline of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria.
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Project management is the process of organizing the way that changes are implemented efficiently within an organization.
Many businesses achieve their goals by completing projects that contribute to their objectives. Often, projects have a finite length, involve a number of activities and people, and have deadlines and fixed budgets. Project managers plan and monitor these, and take corrective action when appropriate
Project Management Life Cycle (PMLC)
Project Management Life Cycle. The Project Management Life Cycle has four phases: Initiation, Planning, Execution and Closure. Each project life cycle phase is described below, along with the tasks needed to complete it.
Project management is often, and unfortunately, an overlooked part of setting and completing goals. Having a project manager or being able to manage a project effectively on your own can mean the difference between achieving the full potential of a project and stifling or leaving a project uncompleted. Strategy is the key to any important endeavor and you want to make sure that you are thinking through the project in its entirety from the moment you begin working on it.
LEAN
His core idea is to maximize customer value while minimizing waste. Simply, lean means creating more value for customers with fewer resources.
A lean organization understands customer value and focuses its key processes to continuously increase it. The ultimate goal is to provide perfect value to the customer through a perfect value creation process that has zero waste.
To accomplish this, lean thinking changes the focus of management from optimizing separate technologies, assets, and vertical departments to optimizing the flow of products and services through entire value streams that flow horizontally across technologies, assets, and departments to customers.
Eliminating waste along entire value streams, instead of at isolated points, creates processes that need less human effort, less space, less capital, and less time to make products and services at far less costs and with much fewer defects, compared with traditional business systems. Companies are able to respond to changing customer desires with high variety, high quality, low cost, and with very fast throughput times. Also, information management becomes much simpler and more accurate.
Six Sigma
Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects (driving toward six standard deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit) in any process – from manufacturing to transactional and from product to service.
Six Sigma is a management philosophy developed by Motorola that emphasizes setting extremely high objectives, collecting data, and analyzing results to a fine degree as a way to reduce defects in products and services. The Greek letter sigma is sometimes used to denote variation from a standard.
Agile
Agile software development is a set of principles for software development in which requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams.
Scrum
Scrum is an agile way to manage a project, usually software development. Agile software development with Scrum is often perceived as a methodology; but rather than viewing Scrum as methodology, think of it as a framework for managing a process.
Just in Time (JIT)
Just in time (JIT) inventory is a management system in which materials or products are produced or acquired only as demand requires. This approach to managing inventory has become increasingly popular in the early 21st century as suppliers and retailers collaborate to try to control inventory costs while still meeting customer demands.
Pull (demand) driven inventory system in which materials, parts, sub-assemblies, and support items are delivered just when needed and neither neither sooner nor later. Its objective is to eliminate product inventories from the supply chain. As much a managerial philosophy as an inventory system, JIT encompasses all activities required to make a final product from design engineering onwards to the last manufacturing operation. JIT systems are fundamental to time based competition and rely on waste reduction, process simplification, setup time and batch size reduction, parallel (instead of sequential) processing, and shop floor layout redesign.
HITECH
Hi-Tech has been partnering the development of India's Power & Process Engineering industries since 1989. We are a leading national provider of highly engineered, technologically advanced products and services in high performance markets.
Our five product groups are Control Valves, Combustion Monitoring, Condition Monitoring, Level Instruments, and Equipment & Spares which support core industries in India. Our balanced growth has come through the successful application of our core competencies in product development, precision manufacturing and engineering services.
Business Systems Analysis
A business analyst is someone who analyzes an organization or business domain (real or hypothetical) and documents its business or processes or systems, assessing the business model or its integration with technology.
Absence of a Business System Analyst is often the reason that relationships between Business People and Programmers go ugly. Most of us have heard stories about business people who bring a project to programmers, and later on the project is either delivered late, or comes short of the specs. That’s not always the case specially when the Programmer does a good system analysis job during the project, but again not every programmer makes a good system analyst.
Database
A database management system (DBMS) is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases.
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)
A relational database management system (RDBMS) is database management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as invented by E. F. Cod, of IBM's San Jose Research Laboratory. In 2016, many of the databases in widespread use are based on the relational database model.
A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database engine/system based on the relational model specified by Edgar F. Cod--the father of modern relational database design--in 1970.
Most modern commercial and open-source database applications are relational in nature. The most important relational database features include an ability to use tables for data storage while maintaining and enforcing certain data relationships.
Health Care Informatics
Health informatics is an evolving specialization that links information technology, communications and healthcare to improve the quality and safety of patient care.
As defined by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, health informatics is the interdisciplinary study of the design, development, adoption, and application of IT-based innovations in healthcare services delivery, management, and planning.
Data Interface and Exchange Systems
In computing, an interface is a shared boundary across which two separate components of computer system exchange information. The exchange can be between software, computer hardware, peripheral devices, humans and combinations of these.
We had a bit of a snafu on our e-mail server and the permissions went out of whack on our users e-mail folders.
Unfortunately our users are all on Outlook Web Access and do not have access to change the permissions on their e-mail folders.
What I've been tasked with is to expose the ability to change the permissions on exchange e-mail folders. My plan is to somehow interface with Exchange and put the relevant information in an ASP.Net webpage.
I see that there is an Exchange Web Services dll however I'm not sure if that is enabled on our installation. Is there another way to communicate with Exchange? Preferably using C#? Is it easy to turn on Web Services if it is off? How can I check if it is on?
The COGLAS WMS has a very flexible data interface at its disposal. The interface can separate data for each client either during the incoming or the outgoing exchange process. All registered data can be forwarded by the interface to any external system like ERP-systems (SAP, Navision, Inform, Axapta, Business One, shipping software, customs, decentralized stock management systems and databases). The communication is done e.g. by COGLAS Data Exchange, the COGLAS EDI-Converter or the certified Interfaces SAP XI and SAP IDOC. By using ASCII and MS Excel files customer-individual data can be imported into COGLAS easily.
Disease Registry
A disease registry is a tool for tracking the clinical care and outcomes of a defined patient population. Most disease registries are used to support care management for groups of patients with one or more chronic diseases, such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, or asthma.
Data Mart
The data mart is a subset of the data warehouse that is usually oriented to a specific business line or team. Data marts are small slices of the data warehouse. Whereas data warehouses have an enterprise-wide depth, the information in data marts pertains to a single department.
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