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In 1995, Douglas Durand was offered the position of vice president for sales at

ID: 430046 • Letter: I

Question

In 1995, Douglas Durand was offered the position of vice president for sales at TAP

Pharmaceuticals. TAP had been formed 25 years before by Takeda Chemical Indus-tries of Japan and Abbott Laboratories. Durand, 50 years old at the time, had married

his high school sweetheart and worked for Merck & Co. for 20 years, during which he

moved up in the sales organization to senior regional director. TAP offered him the

opportunity to earn 40 percent more per year (in addition to a $50,000 signing bonus)

and help the company move from niche player to mass-market purveyor of ulcer and

prostate cancer medicine. He took advantage of the opportunity and looked forward to

the challenge.

But only a few months after arriving at TAP, he was shocked to find a very

different culture from the one he had become accustomed to at Merck. Merck has long

had a reputation for ethics and social responsibility, and these qualities had been borne

out in Durand’s two decades of experience. For example, at Merck, every new

marketing campaign was evaluated by a legal and regulatory team before being

launched, and drugs were pulled back if necessary. But TAP turned out to be very

different. It quickly became clear that this was a culturewhere only numbers mattered.

On his very first day on the job, Durand learned that TAP had no in-house legal

counsel. The legal counsel was considered a “sales prevention department.” At one

point, Durand found himself listening in on a conference call where sales represen-tatives were openly discussing bribing urologists with an up-front “administration fee”

to doctors who prescribed Lupron, the company’s new drug for prostate cancer. TAP sales representatives also gave doctors Lupron samples at a discount or for free; then

they encouraged the doctors to charge Medicare full price and keep the difference.

Durand overheard doctors boasting about their Lupron purchases of boats and second

homes. TAP offered a big-screen TV to every urologist in the country (10,000!),

along with offers of office equipment and golf vacations. And reps weren’t accounting

for the free samples they gave away—as required by law. Durand knew that failure to

account for a single dose can lead to a fine of asmuch as $1million. Finally, rather than

selling drugs based on good science, TAP held parties for doctors. One such party for a

new ulcer drug featured “Tummy,” a giant fire-belching stomach.

Durand soon became frantic and worried about his own guilt by association.

Initially, he tried to change the culture. After all, he had been hired as a vice president.

But everything he tried was resisted. He was told that he just didn’t understand the

culture at TAP. When he talked about the importance of earning physicians’ trust, the

sales reps just rolled their eyes. He then tried to influence change “the TAP way” by

offering a bonus to reps who kept accurate records of their samples. The program

actually worked, but then senior management discontinued the bonus—and, of course,

the reps stopped keeping track. Over time, Durand began finding himself excluded

from meetings, and he felt trapped. What would happen to him if he left this new job in

less than a year? He wouldn’t collect his bonus, and hewondered if anyone else would

hire him. What would happen to his family? But he also worried about becoming the

corporate scapegoat.

In desperation, Durand turned to an old friend he knew from Merck—Glenna

Crooks, now president of Strategic Health Policy International. Appalled by what she

heard, Crooks encouraged him to document the abuses he had observed and share the

information with Elizabeth Ainslie, a Philadelphia attorney. Given the documented

fraud against the U.S. government, Ainslie encouraged Durand to sue TAP under the

federal whistleblower program. Armed with documents, he filed the suit and federal

prosecutors ran with it. Durand left TAP for Astra Merck in 1996. But under the

whistleblower program, investigations are conducted in secret. Neither TAP nor Astra

Merck was supposed to know about it. The investigation took years, and, when called

to testify, Durand had to make excuses to take time off from his new job. He was

uncomfortable living as a “double agent.” In the end, TAP pleaded guilty to conspiracy

to cheat the federal government and agreed to pay a record $875 million fine. In

October 2001, Durand collected $77million ($28millionwent to taxes), his 14 percent

share of the fine paid under the federal whistleblower statute. He retired to Florida to

be closer to his parents, but he had yet to face the unpleasant task of testifying against

six TAP executives, some of whom had worked for him

Case Questions

1. Analyze the ethical culture at TAP. Does the culture appear to be in alignment?

Misalignment?

2. Based on the facts in the case andwhat you have learned in this chapter, evaluate

the culture change effort that Douglas Durand undertook. What cultural systems did he target in the culture change effort?What systems were missing,

if any?

3. Why did his culture change effort fail? What would it take for it to succeed?

Explanation / Answer

1.

The ethical culture of TAP is in misalignment with what a company of this type shuld be. They are not interested onf the well-being of people, they just want their products to be sold and they will do anything to make doctors prescribe them.

They dont spend time doing analysis or checking for legal issues, in fact they offer gifts to the Dr so they can prescribe their medicines.

In other words theit culture is perfectly aligned but to support unethical conduct

2. Based on the facts in the case andwhat you have learned in this chapter, evaluatethe culture change effort that Douglas Durand undertook. What cultural systems did he target in the culture change effort?What systems were missing,

Firt, he tried the simple persuasion which failed, then he tried the reward system and for a short period of time it worked because sales reps responded to the system however senir management destroyed his efforts by removing that system. There was no support from senir management to change this kind of culture

All of the other systems were aligned to support unethical conduct.

3. Why did his culture change effort fail? What would it take for it to succeed?

He failed because he did not have the support of those who had the authority to make these changes (senior management) , he was isolated and was not invited to meetings any more.

To suceed he needed the support of senior management , because even if you have a high level of job like Durand which was VP but to make a cultural change you need the support from senior management.

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