MBA 6001 Organizational Research and Theory Final Exam Answer Any FOUR of the fo
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MBA 6001 Organizational Research and Theory Final Exam Answer Any FOUR of the following SEVEN questions 1. What are the various sources what make it necessary for an organization to change? What types of resistance it may face? 2. One important characteristics of large corporation is a separation of owners and managers. The owners are stockholders and managers are hired to run the busines on a day to day basis. What type of problem would arise from this type of arrangement? What would owners do minimize such problems? 3. What is vertical integration? When would a firm consider vertical integration? What are the advantages and disadvantages of vertical integration? 4. Distinguish between vertical differentiation and horizontal differentiation. 5. What are the four approaches to social responsibility? Can spending on corporate social responsibility increase value to a corporation? Explain. 6. Describe the various strategies that can be used for managing competitive interdependencies 7. Differentiate between specific environment and general environmentExplanation / Answer
1 what are the various sources what makes it necessary for an organization to change? What type of resistance it may face?
Changes may be need because of external forces such as Technological advancement, economic environment, Government intervention and changes in policy, change in customer’s needs and preferences, international market, and internal department such as organization culture, innovation and new ideas, change of structure, are some of the forces that induce an organization to bring the change in order to survive in the longer run. Resistance to change is common on employees end as they feel insecure, de-motivated, competence issues and self-esteem, to bring the change within the organization. Blind resistance, ideological resistance and political resistance are some of the sources of resistance.
5 – Four approaches to social responsibility
1 Obstructive – this approach is not welcoming towards social responsibility. They tend to avoid social responsibility and is more focus on maximizing the profits and avoiding the criticism.
2 Accommodating – These companies are ethical in business and consider the social responsibility as important.
3 Pro-active – It gives priority to social responsibility over the motive of profit maximization.
4 Defensive – they are defensive to social responsibility and more focusses on profit earning.
Yes, the companies who contributes on social responsibility gets the support of the Government and as well as their customers. They tend to have better reputation and Goodwill in the market as their customers are already satisfied with their objective of social endeavour.
7 – Specific environment and general environment –
General environment consisting of political, technological, social, legal which affect everyone and each industry operating. Whereas Specific environment is which is directly affecting the organization. General environment like recession, inflation, change of policies, elections, etc., which are so general and is relevant for all. In Specific environment the relevance of customers, competitors, suppliers, government policies affecting directly the business of organization.
2- Company is an artificial person which need individuals to run its business on its behalf. Board of Directors are appointed to run the business and increase the wealth of an organization for the owners who are the real investors of the Company. Board stands in fiduciary relationship with the company which are real managers in literal sense and therefore they owe an responsibility and accountability for their acts done. When there is conflicts of interest and they make illegal gains out of the company business, the shareholders effected. The owners needs to be extra careful while appointing their managers on board and they should set out clear terms in their memorandum and articles beforehand to take any important decision, their resolution must be necessary and mandatory.
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