Explain why phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of metabolic enzymes through cycli
ID: 40366 • Letter: E
Question
Explain why phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of metabolic enzymes through cyclic cascades is viewed as a more sensitive regulation system than allosteric control. Use specific examples to help make your point. Define the term sensitive as part of your response. Explain why phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of metabolic enzymes through cyclic cascades is viewed as a more sensitive regulation system than allosteric control. Use specific examples to help make your point. Define the term sensitive as part of your response. Explain why phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of metabolic enzymes through cyclic cascades is viewed as a more sensitive regulation system than allosteric control. Use specific examples to help make your point. Define the term sensitive as part of your response.Explanation / Answer
Answer:
Cyclic phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cascade systems are responsible for regulating numerous metabolic pathways. The capacity of a cyclic cascade system to maintain a steady-state level of phosphorylation and, hence, a specific biological activity of a phosphorylatable protein is dependent upon a constant supply of metabolic energy (ATP).
A major mechanism whereby cells regulate their metabolic pathways is through cascade systems in which proteins undergo cyclic phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
(1). A unique characteristic of cyclic cascades which distinguishes them from other regulatory systems is that they are dynamic regulators which have the ability to establish steady states in which the rate of protein phosphorylation is equal to the rate of dephosphorylation
(2). The fraction of protein that is phosphorylated in this steady state determines its biological activity. The phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions are catalyzed by a protein kinase and a phosphoprotein phosphatase.
the capacity of a cascade system to maintain a steady state is dependent upon a constant supply of metabolic energy, in the form of ATP.
protein + ATP - protein-P + ADP
protein-P + H20 - protein + Pi
ATP + H20 -+ ADP + P,
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