2. Describe Grace Hoppers contributions and key influences on mathematics in 2-3

Question

2. Describe Grace Hoppers contributions and key influences on mathematics in 2-3 paragraphs

- cite work

- explain key terms

possible references:

Doc, T. (2016). Home. Retrieved from

            https://www.famousscientists.org/grace-      murray-hopper/

G. (1994). Grace Murray Hopper. Retrieved from

            http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/hopper-story.html

J. (1999). Grace Brewster Murray Hopper. Retrieved from

http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Hopper.html

Marx, C. (2004). Grace Hopper: The first woman to program the first computer in the

United States. New York, NY: Rosen Pub.

Explanation / Answer

Q1) Describe Grace Hoppers contributions and key influences on mathematics

Contributions and Key Influence on Mathematics:-

Grace Hopper joined the U.S. Navy during World War II and was assigned to program the Mark I computer. She continued to work in computing after the war, leading the team that created the first computer language compiler, which led to the popular COBOL language. She resumed active naval service at the age of 60, becoming a rear admiral before retiring in 1986. Wanting to continue to work with computers, Hopper moved into private industry in 1949, first with the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, then with Remington Rand, where she oversaw programming for the UNIVAC computer. In 1952, her team created the first compiler for computer languages (a compiler renders worded instructions into code that can be read by computers). This compiler was a precursor for the Common Business Oriented Language, or COBOL, a widely adapted language that would be used around the world. Though she did not invent COBOL, Hopper encouraged its adaptation.

Hopper was awarded her doctorate by Yale University in 1934 for a thesis New Types of Irreducibility Criteria which was supervised by Oystein Ore. In 1949 Hopper joined the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation as a Senior Mathematician and there she worked with John Eckert and John Mauchly on the UNIVAC computer. She designed an improved compiler while working for the company and was part of the team which developed Flow-Matic, the first English-language data-processing compiler. Hopper's reason for designing a compiler was, she wrote later, because she was lazy and hoped that the introduction of compilers would allow the computer programmer to return to being a mathematician, which led to the development of  systems such as Mathematica and Maple available today.

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